Camera opening for smartphone case to reduce flash glare

ABSTRACT

A case for portable electronic devices such as smartphones includes a feature to prevent glare from a flash from affecting images and video captured by a camera lens and also may include a battery to extend battery life of the electronic device. Smartphones have telephony, Internet connectivity, and camera and video features. Photos and video may be uploaded through the Internet or sent to other phones. The case has a hole for a camera flash of the smartphone. The edging of the hole is colored black or another dark color to prevent glare from appearing in the photos or video taken by the smartphone when using the camera flash.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/397,821, filed on Apr. 29, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/857,413, filed on Dec. 28, 2017 andissued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,277,731 on Apr. 30, 2019, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/097,212, filed onApr. 12, 2016 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,866,676 on Jan. 9, 2018,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/966,189,filed on Aug. 13, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,313,305 on Apr. 12,2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/894,329, filed on May 14, 2013 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,325,365on Apr. 26, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/622,904, filed on Sep. 19, 2012 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,442,604 on May 14, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/185,200, filed on Jul. 18, 2011 and issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,509,864 on Aug. 13, 2013, which claims the benefit ofand priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/365,302,filed on Jul. 16, 2010, the entireties of which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to cases for portable electronic devices andsmartphones that have cameras and flashes.

Protective cases are used to protect portable electronic devices frompossible damage. It is desirable that these cases allow users to use thefunctionality of their devices while the devices remain in their cases.Cases may also be used to enhance the functionality and capabilities ofthe device.

For example, portable electronic devices and smartphones have camerasused to take pictures and capture video. With a flash, these cameras cantake pictures and video in low light or dark conditions. However, theflash can cause glare that will cause the pictures and video to becomewashed out, which is undesirable.

Thus there is a need for cases for portable electronic devices that willprotect the devices, while at the same time prevent or reduce glareappearing in pictures and video taken by the cameras when a flash isused.

SUMMARY

A case for portable electronic devices including smartphones includes afeature to prevent glare from a flash from affecting images and videocaptured by a camera lens and also a battery to extend battery life ofthe electronic device. Smartphones have telephony, Internetconnectivity, and camera and video features. Photos and video can beuploaded through the Internet or sent to other phones. A case has holefor a camera flash of the smartphone to pass through. The edging of thehole is colored black (e.g., black pigment, black paint, or black ink)or another dark color (e.g., dark blue, dark green, or violet) toprevent glare from appearing in the photos or video taken by thesmartphone when using the camera flash.

In an implementation, a method of making a case for an electronic deviceincludes: forming a back of the case having an inside surface andoutside surface; forming a camera-flash opening in the back of the case,where the camera-flash opening extends from the inside surface throughto the outside surface; and applying a dark coloring to an edging of thecamera flash opening. This dark coloring can be black and the case canbe white or other light coloring. The dark coloring may be a black paintor black ink. The dark coloring may be from overmolding, inserting,gluing, or snapping, or any combination of these, a dark coloredmaterial over the edging of the camera-flash opening. The dark coloredmaterial may be the same or different from the material used for thecase. A slope of the edging may be 0 or greater.

In an implementation, a case for an electronic device has a first caseportion including: a first base surface upon which a back of a housingof the electronic device will be placed against, where the base surfaceincludes a top edge; and a lower sidewall, connected to the first basesurface at an end opposite of the top edge, that will be positionedagainst a bottom side edge of the electronic device.

The case has a second case portion including: an upper sidewall thatwill be positioned against a top side edge of the electronic device whenthe second case portion is seated against the first case portion, and anopen side end, opposite the upper sidewall. The second case portionslides onto the first case portion through the open side end. When thesecond case portion is seated against the first case portion, the firstand second case portions meet at and form a seam or part line whichextends across a back of the case.

The case has a camera-flash opening, including a hole through the backof the case, where the camera-flash opening has a length dimensiongreater than a width dimension, and an edging of the camera-flashopening has a dark-colored coloring. The edging of the camera-flashopening has a different coloring compared to the material of the back ofthe case.

The second case portion is seated against the first case portion. Afirst open-shaped opening for the first case portion merges with asecond open-shaped opening for the second case portion to form a frontopening of the case through which a screen of the electronic device willbe visible, the front opening having a closed shape. The back openinghas a closed shape through which a camera flash and camera lens of theelectronic device will be visible.

In an implementation, a case for an electronic device includes: a firstbase surface upon which a back of a housing of the electronic devicewill be placed against, a camera-flash opening, including a hole througha back of the case, where the camera-flash opening has a lengthdimension greater than a width dimension, and an edging of thecamera-flash opening has a dark-colored coloring, and the camera-flashopening has a closed shape through which a camera flash and camera lensof the electronic device will be visible.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent upon consideration of the following detailed descriptionand the accompanying drawings, in which like reference designationsrepresent like features throughout the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a back view of a case having a singlecamera-flash opening.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a back view of a case having twoopenings.

FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash opening wherethe edging has a dark color.

FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash opening wherethe edging and outside border around the opening has a dark color.

FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash opening wherethe edging and inside border around the opening has a dark color.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash opening wherethe edging, inside, and outside border around the opening has a darkcolor.

FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash openinghaving a dark colored insert.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a case at the camera-flash openinghaving another implementation of a dark colored insert.

FIG. 9 shows a back view of a representative smartphone.

FIG. 10 shows a front view of the smartphone.

FIG. 11 shows a front perspective view of a specific implementation of acase having a camera-flash opening with a glare-reducing feature.

FIG. 12 shows a back perspective view of the case.

FIG. 13 shows a close-up view of the back of the case at thecamera-flash opening.

FIG. 14 shows a front view of the specific implementation of the case.

FIG. 15 shows a back view of the case.

FIG. 16 shows a left side view of the case.

FIG. 17 shows a right side view of the case.

FIG. 18 shows a top view of the case.

FIG. 19 shows a bottom view of the case.

FIG. 20 shows a front perspective view of the case in a disassembledposition.

FIG. 21 shows a back perspective view of the case in the disassembledposition.

FIG. 22 shows a front view of the case in the disassembled position.

FIG. 23 shows a back view of the case in the disassembled position.

FIG. 24 shows a left side view of the case in the disassembled position.

FIG. 25 shows a right side view of the case in the disassembledposition.

FIG. 26 shows a back of a case to show examples of camera opening orhole options from FIGS. 27-31 .

FIG. 27 shows a first opening option having an oval shape.

FIG. 28 shows a second opening option having an egg shape.

FIG. 29 shows a third opening option having a keyhole shape.

FIG. 30 shows a fourth opening option having a keyhole shape.

FIG. 31 shows a fifth opening option having two circular openings.

FIG. 32 shows a back of a case with a section line passing throughcamera-flash opening to show examples of camera opening or holetreatment options from FIGS. 33-40 .

FIG. 33 shows a first treatment option where the edging and insideborder around the opening is painted a dark color (e.g., black).

FIG. 34 shows a second treatment option where the edging, but not theborder is painted a dark color.

FIG. 35 shows a third treatment option where a dark color material(e.g., overmold or insert) is attached to the opening edging.

FIG. 36 shows a fourth treatment option where the dark color material isattached to a sloped edge in the case material opening.

FIG. 37 shows a fifth treatment option where the dark color material hasa sloped edge.

FIG. 38 shows a sixth treatment option where the dark color material isreceived in a countersink or recess of the case.

FIG. 39 shows a seventh treatment option where the dark color materialhas a rounded edge.

FIG. 40 shows an eighth treatment option where the dark color materialis received in two countersinks or recesses of the case.

FIG. 41A shows an upper case portion for a case for a portableelectronic device.

FIG. 41B shows a lower case portion for a case for the portableelectronic device.

FIG. 41C shows an example of a portable electronic device.

FIG. 42 shows the portable electronic device case, where the upper andlower case portions are assembled together. The portable electronicdevice is not shown in the case.

FIG. 43 shows a front view of the assembled case.

FIG. 44 shows a back view of the assembled case including a case button,indicator lights, a lens shield, and camera opening.

FIG. 45 shows a left side view of the assembled case.

FIG. 46 shows a right side view of the assembled case.

FIG. 47 shows a top side view of the upper case portion of the assembledcase.

FIG. 48 shows a bottom side view of the lower case portion of theassembled case.

FIG. 49 shows a front view of the upper case portion.

FIG. 50 shows a front view of the lower case portion.

FIG. 51 shows a back view of the upper case portion

FIG. 52 shows a back view of the lower case portion.

FIG. 53 shows a left side view of the upper case portion.

FIG. 54 shows a left side view of the lower case portion.

FIG. 55 shows a right side view of the upper case portion.

FIG. 56 shows a right side view of the lower case portion.

FIG. 57 shows a top side view of the upper case portion only.

FIG. 58 shows a bottom side view of the upper case portion only.

FIG. 59 shows a top side view of the lower case portion only.

FIG. 60 shows a cross section of the case holding a phone when placedface down on a flat surface.

FIG. 61 shows a close-up top view of the built-in lens hood and thecamera openings of the upper and lower case portions.

FIG. 62 shows a right side view of the assembled case including thecamera opening.

FIG. 63 shows a cross section of the lens hood between the cameraopenings of the upper and lower case portions.

FIG. 64 shows a diagram of the front of the assembled case with aportable electronic device in the case. There is a seam line where theupper and lower case portions meet.

FIG. 65 shows a back view of the assembled case where a region of theback surface is relatively flat.

FIG. 66 shows a functional block diagram of the portable electronicdevice case with a battery that extends the battery life of the portableelectronic device.

FIGS. 67 and 68 show tables listing operational modes of the portableelectronic device case.

FIG. 69 shows an arrangement of indicator lights and a case button belowthe indicator lights.

FIG. 70 shows the rightmost indicator light turned on.

FIG. 71 shows the leftmost indicator light turned on.

FIG. 72 shows three indicator lights turned on.

FIG. 73 shows five indicator lights turned on.

FIG. 74 shows a circuit block diagram for electronic circuitry of theportable electronic device case.

FIG. 75 shows a layout view of the components for the lower caseportion, as viewed from a back side of the lower case portion.

FIG. 76 shows a cross section of a portion of the lower case portion.

FIG. 77 shows a top view of a sound box portion of the case.

FIG. 78 shows a cross section of the sound box.

FIGS. 79-82 show steps in a process of making a flush indicator lightcovering for the case.

FIG. 83 shows a top view of the flush indicator light covering.

FIG. 84 shows a kit for a portable electronic case with a batteryincluding a tray to hold the case and a cable.

FIG. 85 shows a cross section of an implementation of a tray for thekit. This tray has multilevel compartments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a back view of a first embodiment of acase 105 for a smartphone or other portable electronic device. In aspecific implementation, the case is used for the Apple iPhone 4g (fromApple Inc.).

Smartphones and portable electronic devices are valuable because oftheir functionality, the information they contain, and time and expenseto replace. A case is typically much easier and less expensive toreplace than the device which it houses and protects.

A case protects the smartphone or portable electronic device fromscratches, dings, dents, and other damage. The case also provides shockabsorption. The case will absorb impacts, preventing shock to thecomponents of the device which are often delicate. The case can alsoimprove the grip to the device and case combination. The case mayinclude a texture pattern, be made from a tacky material, or have atacky coating, or include a wrist or neck strap. The case may also bewaterproof or water resistant to protect the device from rain, snow, andsurf.

A case is typically an important accessory for the device that itprotects. For, a person might accidentally drop a smartphone in the caseon the floor when running to catch a flight for a business trip at theairport. The case may crack or even shatter into many pieces, but thesmartphone will remain intact and unbroken, saved by the case. Theperson can pick up the smartphone, continue on the flight, and use thesmartphone on the business trip.

If the smartphone had not been protected by a case, the smartphone mighthave become broken. The screen may become cracked or there might havebeen other damage rendering the device inoperable. The person typicallywould not have been able to replace the smartphone soon enough,especially if there was important information saved on the smartphone(e.g., sales presentation slides) that are needed for the business trip.

Further, a case may be useful in improving wireless reception andpreventing dropped calls. For example, the iPhone 4g includes astainless steel band around the edge of the phone. This band functionsas two antennas for the iPhone 4g. Depending on how a user grips thestainless steel band, the wireless reception strength may be diminishedand result in dropping of a call. Since the case is made from aninsulator or nonconductive material (e.g., polycarbonate, silicon, orrubber), the user's gripping of the case will no longer short to thestainless steel band. Regardless of the user's grip, the wirelessreception strength will be unaffected. Therefore, cases for smartphonesand portable electronic devices are valuable accessories.

This patent application describes aspects of the invention with respectto the iPhone 4g. However, the principles of the invention are notlimited to the iPhone 4g, but are applicable to any portable electronicdevice or smartphone or other telephony device. Some examples of otherdevices that the invention will be applicable to include cameras, videocameras, webcams, media players including MP3 and video players,personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as the iPAQ line of productsfrom Hewlett Packard (www.hp.com), handheld computers, Blackberrysmartphones (from Research in Motion Limited, na.blackberry.com),Samsung smartphones (www.samsung.com), Motorola phones(www.motorola.com), HTC smartphones (www.htc.com), phones running theAndroid platform or operating system from Google (www.google.com,www.android.com), Nokia phones (www.nokiausa.com), and laptop andnotebook computers.

A feature of the smartphone or electronic device is a camera with flash.For example, FIG. 9 shows a back view of a representative smartphone905. FIG. 10 shows a front view of the smartphone. In a specificimplementation, the smartphone is the iPhone 4g. The iPhone 4g has a5-megapixel camera 910 with a built-in LED flash 915 on its back. Thebuilt-in LED flash illuminates low-light scenes. When taking pictures orphotographs, the LED works as a flash. When shooting video, the LED canstay on to light up the scene. The flash is positioned very close (e.g.,about 1-5 millimeters) to the camera lens.

In FIG. 1 , a back of the case has a single opening 110 for both thecamera lens and flash of the phone. While the phone is in the case, theuser can use the camera and flash without needing to remove the phonefrom the case.

When using the flash to take picture or video, glare may be introducedin the picture or video. The glare may result when the smartphone is notin a case under certain circumstances or conditions, such as the casehaving a white or glossy back or the flash striking another surface,bouncing back, and being captured by the camera. Placing the smartphonein a case may increase the glare, especially for light color cases orcases other than black. For example, a white smartphone case may causeimages and video captured by the camera to have more glare from theflash as compared to black cases.

Further, glare may result from light leakage from the flash andbacklight of the phone. For example, some phones have a semi-translucentback piece. Some commentators have speculated that light from the flashand backlight of the phone leaks into the semi-translucent back piecewhich causes the back piece to glow—similar to a light guide. Theglowing light is captured by the camera which then results in poorpictures such as the pictures being “washed out.” When the phone isplaced in a case without glare reducing features as presented in thispatent application, the picture and video quality may be furtherdegraded because the glowing light may bounce off the inside back of thecase and be reflected into the camera lens.

This patent application presents techniques for a case to prevent orreduce the glare from the flash in pictures and video taken by thecamera. Such techniques may reduce glare compared to untreated cases andeven compared to a smartphone not in a case.

As shown in FIG. 1 , this case includes single opening 110, an outsidecase surface 112, and an inside case surface, opposite the outside casesurface. Opening 110 includes an edge or edging 115. The edging isbetween an inside 120 of the case and an outside 125 of the case.According to a technique, the edging of the camera-flash opening is madeblack or another dark color such as dark gray, charcoal, brown,mahogany, dark cherry, dark green, dark purple, midnight blue,chocolate, and others.

A glossy black color will reduce flash glare, especially compared to awhite color case without the black coloring. A matte black color ormatte finish may reduce glare even further. The black coloring on theedging reduces glare by reducing light bouncing off the edging surfaceand affecting pictures and video taken with the camera lens.

FIG. 2 shows a back view of a second embodiment of a case 205. This caseis similar to the case shown in FIG. 1 , but this case includes twoopenings. There is a first opening 210 having a first edging 215 and asecond opening 220 having a second edging 225. The first opening is forone of the camera lens or flash of the phone. The second opening is foranother of the camera lens or flash of the phone.

In a specific implementation, both the first edging of the first openingand the second edging of the second opening are made a dark color. Inanother specific implementation, at most one of the first or secondedgings is made a dark color which can reduce the cost to make a case.For example, the first edging of the first opening can be made a darkcolor and the second edging of the second opening can be in a lightcolor. Alternatively, the configuration can be swapped so that thesecond edging of the second opening can be made a dark color and thefirst edging of the first opening can be in a light color.

When both the first and second edgings are made the dark color moreglare may be reduced as compared when just one of edgings is made thedark color. However, in some cases it may not be desirable to make bothedgings the dark color. Some cameras are less sensitive to glare ascompared to other cameras. For example, the camera may include a lensfilter such as a polarizing filter to reduce glare. When this is thecase, one of the edgings (e.g., flash opening edging) may be made in thedark color and another of the edgings (e.g., camera opening edging) maybe in a light color.

Whether a case has two camera-flash openings—one opening for the cameraand another opening for the flash (FIG. 2 ) or a single camera-flashopening (FIG. 1 ) depends on various factors such as the distancebetween the camera lens and flash, the thickness of the case material,the size or diameter of the camera lens and flash, or combinations ofthese. Two openings may reduce glare more than a single opening becausethere will be some case material between the camera and flash to absorbor block light that would otherwise result in glare. A single largeopening can make it easier for the camera lens and flash to be cleanedwithout having to remove the phone from the case.

FIGS. 3-8 show cross sections of different embodiments of a camera-flashopening of a case. These figures show what portions, regions, orsurfaces of the camera-flash opening may have a dark-colored coloring asindicated by the shaded blocks so that glare to pictures and video takenby the camera can be prevented or reduced.

FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a first embodiment of a case where thereis a dark-colored coloring 305 on the edging of the camera-flashopening, but the outside and inside of the case near the opening are ina lighter color (e.g., white).

FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a case wherethere is a dark-colored coloring 405 on the edging of the opening and aportion of the outside surface of the case, but the inside of the caseis in a lighter color. When this case is viewed from the front (i.e.,looking from the outside towards the inside of the case), thedark-colored coloring will appear as a black or dark-colored ring aroundthe opening. For example, the ring may surround, encircle, or at leastpartially encircle the opening. This ring faces away from the back ofthe phone. The ring may have circular or noncircular shape. The ring maybe referred to as a border, rim, margin, brim, shoulder, outline, orframe.

Making the outside surface of the case near the opening a dark color canhelp to prevent or reduce glare from light that would otherwise bereflected off the outside case surface near the opening. The glare canbe from light from the flash reflecting off a surface and bouncing backtowards the camera, ambient light, or both. Thus, the black or darkcoloring can also be applied to the outside of the case (not only on theedging of the opening).

FIG. 5 shows the opposite of FIG. 4 . Specifically, FIG. 5 shows a crosssection of a third embodiment of a case where there is a dark-coloredcoloring 505 on the edging of the opening and a portion of the insidesurface of the case, but not on the outside of the case.

When the phone is in the case, there may be a small gap between thephone and the case. Then the flash can bounce off the inside back of thecase, especially if the inside back has a light coloring or glossyfinish. Therefore, in a further implementation, the black or darkcoloring can be also applied in a border or ring surrounding thecamera-flash opening on the inside back of the case. This black or darkcolor ring faces the back of the phone.

FIG. 6 shows a combination of FIGS. 4-5 . Specifically, FIG. 6 shows across section of a fourth embodiment of a case where there is adark-colored coloring 605 on the edging of the opening, a portion of theinside surface of the case, and a portion of the outside surface of thecase near the opening.

Whether a case includes a dark-colored coloring on the edging only (FIG.3 ), on the edging and outside surface surrounding the opening (FIG. 4), on the edging and inside surface surrounding the opening (FIG. 5 ),or on the edging, and inside and outside surfaces (FIG. 6 ) depends onfactors such as the design of the camera, whether or not there will be asmall gap between the phone and the case, or both. For example, if thecamera, flash, or both of the phone are designed so that they arerecessed into the back of the phone it may be desirable to apply a darkcolored ring to the inside of the case to prevent the flash frombouncing off the inside back of the case. However, if the camera, flash,or both protrudes out from the back surface of the phone such that theyalso protrude into the camera-flash opening of the case it may not bedesirable to apply the dark color to the inside surface of the casebecause the flash is unlikely to bounce off the inside back of the caseand into the camera.

In a specific implementation, when manufacturing the case, a step is toapply black paint (e.g., flat black paint) or black ink or a blackcoating to an edging of the camera-flash opening. This step can beapplied to any case exhibiting a glare issue including light color casessuch as white, yellow, orange, pink, and others. When using black paint,the paint may be sprayed on or applied using a brush, paintbrush, orsponge. When using black ink, the ink may be applied using a marker orfelt-tipped pen such as a Sharpie® marker, or a Magic Marker®. Atemplate or guide can be placed onto the case when applying the black ordark coloring so that other surfaces of the case not intended to becolored are not accidentally colored with the dark coloring. A darkcoating may be applied via heat sealing or press welding.

This step can be applied to any of the camera-flash opening arrangementsdiscussed in this application. For an arrangement having two openings,the coloring can be applied to the edging of both openings, or any oneof the openings.

In another specific implementation, a black or dark color material isused in the edging of the camera-flash opening. The black coloringmaterial can be overmolded, inserted, glued (e.g., using epoxy),adhered, screwed, press-fitted, or snapped in place (or any combinationof these) on the case. The black coloring material can be the samematerial as the other case material, or the black coloring material maybe a different material from the other case material. The case materialmay be polycarbonate, silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU),thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), fiberglass,carbon fiber, or many others, or a composite or combination of these.For example, the case material is polycarbonate and thermoplastic rubberin black is fitted (e.g., like a grommet) into the camera-flash opening.

As another example, the case material can have first durometer and theblack coloring material can have a second durometer where the firstdurometer is greater than the second durometer. The first durometer maybe about 75 on a type D scale which is about the value for hard plastic.The second durometer may be about 50 which is about the value for rubberor solid truck tires on the type D scale.

In a specific implementation, dark-colored coloring 305 shown in FIG. 3is a black band, strip, or black loop of material that is glued, bonded,fused, or otherwise attached to the edging of the camera-flash opening.

In another specific implementation, the coloring is a piece of materialthat is overmolded on the case. Overmolding is a molding or injectionmolding process where one material such as TPE is molded onto a secondmaterial such as rigid plastic. The overmolded or first material forms astrong bond with the second material as a result of the overmoldingprocess. Some specific examples of overmolding techniques include insertmolding and multi-shot injection molding.

In another specific implementation, dark-colored coloring 405 (FIG. 4 ),505 (FIG. 5 ), or 605 (FIG. 6 ) is an insert that is attached to thecase. The insert may be referred to as a grommet or eyelet. A grommetincludes a tube portion and at least one flange, flared, or collaredportion connected to an end of the tube portion. The tube portion isinserted through the camera-flash opening so that the flange portionbutts up or is seated against the outside surface of the case (FIG. 4 )or the inside surface of the case (FIG. 5 ). Alternatively, the grommetcan have a flange portion at both ends of the tube portion so that whenthe grommet is attached to the case, a first flange portion will butt upagainst the outside surface of the case and a second flange portion willbutt up against an inside surface of the case so that there will be adark colored region on both the outside and inside of the case as shownin FIG. 6 .

FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a fifth embodiment of a case where thecase includes a ridge 710 and the dark-colored coloring is a grommet orinsert 715 that is at least partially held in place or retained by theridge. The grommet includes a notch 720 which receives the ridge. Theridge may be referred to as a ledge, projecting edge, step, flange, tab,collar, or ring. The notch may be referred to as a groove, channel, orrecess. When looking at a plan view of the case, the opening will appearto have a step down, recess, or counter sink. This step down can allowthe grommet flange to sit flush with the case surface.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a sixth embodiment of a case. This caseis similar to the case shown in FIG. 7 , but the ridge and notchcomponents are swapped. That is, the case includes a notch 810 and agrommet 815 includes a ridge 820.

With the case designs shown in FIGS. 7-8 the grommet may be able to staysecured within the camera-flash opening without using an adhesivebecause of the ridge and notch configuration or features. Omitting thestep of applying an adhesive in the manufacturing process can save timeand reduce the cost to make a case. Further, there will be no adhesivethat will accidentally ooze out that will need to be cleaned from thecase surface.

The dark or black color material or insert may be polycarbonate,silicone, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic elastomer(TPE), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), fiberglass, carbon fiber, paper, asticker, a decal, felt, fabric (e.g., leather or imitation leather),cardboard, plastic, nylon, metal (e.g., stainless steel or aluminum), ormany others, or a composite or combination of these. Materials such assilicon, rubber, and plastic are generally soft and less likely toscratch the phone or other objects that the insert may come into contactwith. However, the insert may be made of a rigid material such as metal(e.g., stainless steel or aluminum) which may be brushed, or painted oranodized a dark color. A rigid insert may be installed using a settingtool or press. Alternatively, a rigid insert may include threads so thatit can be screwed into the camera-flash opening of the case.

The dark or black color material may be provided separately from thecase itself so that users can retrofit their existing cases that mayhave glare issues.

These techniques to reduce glare or treat the camera-flash opening witha dark or black coloring material can be applied to any of thecamera-flash opening arrangements discussed in this application. For anarrangement having two openings, the dark or black coloring material canbe applied to the edging of both openings, or any one of the openings.

The table A below shows a specific implementation of a flow for making acase having a camera-flash opening with a glare preventing or reducingfeature. It should be understood that the invention is not limited tothe specific flows and steps presented. A flow of the invention may haveadditional steps (not necessarily described in this application),different steps which replace some of the steps presented, fewer stepsor a subset of the steps presented, or steps in a different order thanpresented, or any combination of these. Further, the steps in otherimplementations of the invention may not be exactly the same as thesteps presented and may be modified or altered as appropriate for aparticular application or based on the data or situation.

TABLE A Step 1 Provide a case. Step 2 Make a camera-flash hole through aback of the case. Step 3 Apply a dark-colored coloring to thecamera-flash hole

In a step 1, a case for the phone is provided. In a step 2, acamera-flash hole is made through a back of the case. Steps 1 and 2 maybe combined in a single step such as when the case is provided viainjection molding. For injection molding, there is a mold of the case ora portion of the case. A liquid or uncured plastic is injected or pouredinto the mold along with a catalyst. The mold and plastic is subjectedto a temperature to activate the catalyst and material. After asufficient time for processing to occur, the mold can be opened, and theplastic case portion removed. The case portion can be cleaned andflashing removed. The mold used in the processing can include features(e.g., pattern or core) that will form features (e.g., camera-flashopening) of the case described in this application.

In a step 3, the dark-colored coloring is applied to the camera-flashhole. As discussed above, the dark-colored coloring may be applied tojust the edging of the hole (FIG. 3 ), the edging and border of the holeon the case outside (FIG. 4 ), the edging and border of the hole on thecase inside (FIG. 5 ), or edging and border of the hole on the caseinside and outside (FIG. 6 ).

In a specific implementation, applying the dark-colored coloringinvolves a single technique such as applying black paint to thecamera-flash opening or inserting a grommet into the camera-flashopening.

Alternatively, the application of the dark-colored coloring may involvea combination of techniques, i.e., two or more techniques. For example,black paint may be applied to the edging and a black color material suchas a piece of rubber may be applied as a border around the camera-flashopening. The black color material may be a dark sticker or film havingan adhesive back (i.e., pressure sensitive adhesive) so that the stickercan be fastened to a surface of the case around the camera-flashopening. The sticker may have a hole that is to be aligned with thecamera-flash opening so that camera and flash of the phone can beexposed through the opening. Or the sticker may not have a hole. Thesticker may be a continuous sheet of material that is placed over andcovers the opening. Afterwards a blade is used to cut or punch a holethrough the sticker so that the camera-flash opening of the case can beexposed or made visible.

Table A and the discussion accompanying table A above describes aproactive or positive technique of applying a dark-colored coloring tothe camera-flash opening. However, in another specific implementation,the dark-colored coloring of the camera-flash opening is from leavingthe opening untreated or is an act of omission. In this specificimplementation, the original color of the case is black or another darkcolor. The surfaces of the case, but not the areas around thecamera-flash opening, are made a light color. Thus, the areas around thecamera-flash opening remain in the original black or dark color and theother case surfaces will be in the light color as a result of applyingthe light color. Table B below shows a specific implementation of a flowfor making a case where the dark-colored coloring of the camera-flashopening is from leaving the opening untreated.

TABLE B Step 1 Provide a black or dark-colored case. Step 2 Make acamera-flash hole through a back of the case. Step 3 Apply alight-colored coloring to the case, but not to the camera-flash hole.

Steps 1 and 2 can be similar to steps 1 and 2 in table A above, but inthis specific implementation, the case is provided as a dark-coloredcase. That is, the original starting material of the case is a darkcolor such as black (e.g., black plastic). In a step 3, a light-coloredcoloring (e.g., white paint) is applied to the case surfaces such as theoutside case surface, inside case surface, or both, but thelight-colored coloring is not applied to the camera-flash hole oropening.

Thus, the edging of the camera-flash opening, the outside border aroundthe opening, the inside border around the opening, or combinations ofthese remain in the original dark color, but the other portions of thecase will have been made a light color.

To help ensure that the light-colored coloring is not applied to thecamera-flash opening, a mask, shield, template, or other covering can beapplied to the opening so that the edging and other surfaces borderingthe opening not intended to be made a light color are protected from thecoloring process.

Alternatively, the camera-flash opening may be created after thelight-colored coloring is applied to the originally black case. Uponcreating the opening, the edging of the opening will be black becausethe original case material was black. The opening may be created bymilling, drilling, or punching an opening through the back of the case.

The case can be manufactured to have any desired case color, and thecamera-flash opening will have a darker color than the case color. Thisdarker color will help prevent glare from the flash from affectingimages and video captured by the camera lens. This opening with thedarker color edging will eliminate or reduce glare from appearing in thepictures and video taken by a camera lens through this opening.

Colors of the visible spectrum (e.g., red, orange, yellow, green, blue,indigo, and violet) extend from about 390 nanometers to about 750nanometers. Colors can further include unsaturated colors (e.g.,nonspectral colors) that are mix of multiple wavelengths. The colorwhite (e.g., 100 percent saturated white) is lighter than any color inthe spectrum. The color black (e.g., 100 percent saturated black) isdarker than any color in the spectrum.

Yellow is a color of the spectrum at about 570 nanometers to 590nanometers. Generally, the colors above yellow, wavelengths from 590nanometers to 750 nanometers (including orange and red), are consideredprogressively darker than yellow. For example, at the same or similarintensity level, red is considered darker than orange. Generally, thecolors below yellow, wavelengths from 570 nanometers to 380 nanometers(including green, cyan, blue, and violet) are also consideredprogressively darker than yellow. For example, at the same or similarintensity level, blue is considered darker than cyan, which is darkerthan green, which is darker than yellow.

A color wheel is an arrangement of colors in a circle. Some color wheelshave been developed by Sir Isaac Newton, Johann Wolfgang Goethe,Johannes Itten, and others. A color wheel can also be used to helpdetermine whether a color is lighter or darker than another color. Acolor wheel is an arrangement of colors around a circle. Yellow is atone position in the circle. The color opposite (i.e., 180 degreesseparation) of yellow is purple. Purple is a nonspectral color (amixture red and violet) and is in the wheel between magenta and violet.Progressing clockwise around the color wheel from yellow toward purple,the arrangement of the colors include: yellow-orange, orange,red-orange, red, and red-purple or magenta. At the same or similarintensity level, the colors of the wheel become progressively darkerfrom yellow to purple.

Progressing counterclockwise around the color wheel from yellow towardpurple, the arrangement of the colors include: yellow-green, green,blue-green, blue, and blue-purple (or violet). As in the clockwisedirection discussed above, at the same or similar intensity level, thecolors of the wheel become progressively darker from yellow to purple.

Thus, whether a first color is lighter or darker than a second color canbe determined by their positions on the color wheel with respect toyellow. The greater the degree of separation from yellow, the darker thecolor. For example, assume on the color wheel that a first degree ofseparation between yellow and a first color (e.g., orange) is about 60degrees as measured in a clockwise direction from yellow to the firstcolor. A second degree of separation between yellow and a second color(e.g., red) is about 120 degrees. The second degree of separation (120degrees) is greater than the first degree of separation (60 degrees).So, the second color (red) is darker than the first color (orange).

A reference line from yellow to purple can divide the color wheel intofirst and second portions. The colors in the first portion can be thecolors seen when progressing clockwise around the color wheel fromyellow to purple, i.e., yellow-orange, orange, red-orange, red, andred-purple or magenta. The colors in the second portion can be thecolors seen when progressing counterclockwise around the color wheelfrom yellow to purple, i.e., yellow-green, green, blue-green, blue, andblue-purple (or violet). Whether a color in the first portion is lighteror darker than a color in the second portion can also be determined bythe degree of separation from yellow.

For example, assume that a first color is red-purple which is in thefirst portion of the color wheel. A second color is green which is inthe second portion of the color wheel. A first degree of separationbetween yellow and the first color (red-purple) may be about 150 degrees(or positive 150 degrees) when measured clockwise from yellow to thefirst color. A second degree of separation between yellow and the secondcolor (green) may be about −60 degrees (or minus 60 degrees) whenmeasured counterclockwise from yellow to the second color. Thus, whenthe color is in the first portion of the color wheel, the degree ofseparation is measured in a clockwise direction from yellow. When thecolor is in the second portion of the color wheel, the degree ofseparation is measured in a counterclockwise direction from yellow. Inthis example, the first degree of separation (150 degrees) is greaterthan the second degree of separation (−60 degrees). So, the first color(red-purple) is darker than the second color (green).

Generally, the term “hue” is synonymous with color. Hue describes thedistinct characteristic of color that distinguishes, for example, redfrom yellow from blue. Hues are dependent on the dominate wavelength oflight that is emitted from an object. For example, blue objects emitlight having wavelengths ranging from about 490 nanometers to about 450nanometers. Red objects emit light having wavelengths ranging from about700 nanometers to about 635 nanometers. Thus, the color of an object canbe determined by the wavelength of light emitted from the object. Inother words, the color of an object is considered “red” when the objectreflects more of the “red” wavelength of light, i.e., wavelengths ofabout 700 nanometers as compared to other wavelengths. Specifically, theobject is absorbing wavelengths of light except for wavelengths around700 nanometers—which corresponds to the color red.

Although black, white, and gray are sometimes described as achromatic orhueless colors, a color may be referred to as “black” if it absorbs allfrequencies of light. That is, an object that absorbs all wavelengths oflight that strike it so that no parts of the spectrum are reflected isconsidered to be black. Black is darker than any color on the colorwheel or spectrum. In contrast, white is lighter than any color on thecolor wheel or spectrum. If an object reflects all wavelengths of lightequally, that object is considered to be white. Gray is an imperfectabsorption of the light or a mixture of black and white.

In addition to hue, saturation or intensity is another dimension ofcolor. Generally, for a given color, a more saturated version of thecolor can be better at reducing glare than a less saturated version ofthe color. So, in a specific implementation, for a given case color, thecolor is more saturated at the camera-flash opening as compared to thecolor at the case surface.

More particularly, saturation refers to the dominance of hue in a color.Saturation is the ratio of the dominant wavelength to other wavelengthsin the color. Saturation can provide an indication of the amount ofwhite or white pigment that is mixed in with the color. As the colorbecomes less saturated there will be more white. The color may bereferred to as a tint, i.e., a variation of a color produced by addingwhite to it. Mixing in white with a color can make the color lighter.Mixing in black with a color can make the color darker. The resultingcolor may be referred to as a shade. When gray (i.e., black and white)is mixed with a color the resulting color may be referred to as a tone.

Thus, the intensity of a dark color can be mixed with white to make thecolor lighter. Conversely, a light color can be mixed with black to makethe color darker. So, a case can be of a dark color that is mixed withwhite to lighten the dark color, the camera-flash opening can be of asaturated light color, and the camera-flash opening color can be darkerthan the case color because of the white used to lighten the case color.Similarly, the camera-flash opening can be of a light color that ismixed with black, the case can be of a dark color, and the camera-flashopening color will be darker than the case color because of the blackused to darken the camera-flash opening.

For example, at the same or similar intensity level, red is darker thangreen. However, the intensity of red can be altered by mixing in whiteto lighten the red and make pink. Red, when mixed with white, can thenbe lighter than green. So, in a specific implementation, a red caseincludes a green camera-flash opening, where the red includes some whitemixed in to make the red lighter than the green.

Some other examples of case color combinations where the intensity of acolor is altered such as by mixing in white to lighten the case color(and thus provide a darker camera-flash opening) include: an orange casehaving a blue camera-flash opening; a purple case having a greencamera-flash opening; a purple case having an orange camera-flashopening; an orange, case having a green camera-flash opening; a bluecase having a green camera-flash opening; a red-orange case having agreen camera-flash opening; a blue case having a yellow-greencamera-flash opening; a red case having an orange camera-flash opening;a red case having a blue camera-flash opening; and a red-orange casehaving an orange camera-flash opening. For each of these cases, the casecolor is mixed with white so that the case color will be lighter thanthe color of the camera-flash opening. Conversely, the camera-flashopening will be darker than the case color.

In a specific implementation, a case is of a single color, e.g., red.The outside surface of the case has a first level of saturation of thecolor red. The camera-flash opening or edging has a second level ofsaturation of red. The second level of saturation is greater than thefirst level of saturation. In other words, the outside surface of thecase has a greater amount of white mixed in with the red than theedging. Alternatively, the edging may be described as having a greateramount of red pigment than the outside surface of the case. In thisspecific implementation, the color of the camera-flash opening may bedescribed as dark red and the outside case surface may be described aslight red.

In another specific implementation, the color at the camera-flashopening has some black mixed in so as to darken the color at theopening. For example, a case may be of a single color such as orange,but at the camera-flash opening the orange color can be mixed with blackto darken the orange color at the opening and reduce glare to picturesand video taken with the camera.

According to an aspect of the invention, generally, the edging of thecamera-flash opening has a darker color than the case color, sufficientto eliminate or reduce glare from appearing in pictures or video takenwith the camera lens through the opening. For example, the opening canbe black and the case color can be any color on the color wheel orspectrum as black is darker than any color on the color wheel. A casecan be in a light color (e.g., white or yellow) and the camera-flashopening can be black. The color at the opening can be pure black or avariation of black such as light black (i.e., have some white mixed in),gray, or charcoal. The case surface may be painted using a metallicpaint so that it has iridescent and reflective properties, but suchpaint will not be applied to the camera-flash opening in order toprevent glare.

As discussed above, the amount of glare can depend on the specific color(and color properties or characteristics) selected for a case. Anotherfactor that can contribute to glare is surface finish.

Generally, a roughened surface diffuses more light than a smoothsurface. The rougher the surface, the more reflectivity is reduced. Morespecifically, light reflected from a surface includes a specularcomponent and a diffuse component. The specular component is perceivedas glare or can cause glare to appear in pictures and video taken by thecamera. The sum of the specular reflectance and the diffuse reflectanceis referred to as the total reflectance. For shiny surfaces, thespecularly reflected light is relatively strong and the diffused lightis weaker. On rough or low gloss surfaces, the specular component isweak and the diffused light is stronger.

Light reflecting off a mirror is an example of specular reflection. Amirror's reflectivity is typically about 85 percent, but can be more orless depending on the material, coating, and smoothness of the surfacefinish. The camera-flash opening of the case is designed so that itsreflectivity will be less than that of the case surface to help reduceglare to pictures and video taken by the camera. For example, if thecase surface reflects about 60 percent of the light, the reflectivity ofthe camera-flash opening (e.g., edging surface) will be less than 60percent such as 10 percent. The edging surface may be referred to asbeing “darker” than the case surface because the edging surface reflectsless light than the case surface.

One technique to reduce reflectivity is to roughen the surface. Asdiscussed above, the rougher the surface, the more reflectivity isreduced. So, the camera-flash opening edging, border surface surroundingthe opening, or both may be sanded (e.g., via sandpaper, sandblasting,or bead-blasting) to roughen the surface. That is, these regions nearthe opening will be treated or given a surface finish so that they willhave less reflectivity as compared to the case outside surface, insidesurface, or both. The camera-flash opening may be given a matte or flatfinish which has a lower reflectivity than a mirror or gloss finish.

Other techniques to roughen include applying a chemical (e.g., an acidor solvent) to etch the case material surface. The surface may beroughened using a deposition process which may involve depositing andgluing small particles around the opening. There can be a spray or dipcoating which upon drying will leave a roughened layer behind.

In this specific implementation, the camera-flash opening will have ahigher surface roughness than the outside case surface, inside casesurface, or both. Roughness is a measure of the texture of a surface. Itcan be quantified by the vertical deviations of a real surface from itsideal form. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if theyare small the surface is smooth.

The camera-flash opening may instead or additionally be treated with anantireflective coating to reduce reflection and thus glare to picturesand video taken by the camera. When light moves from one medium toanother (such as when light enters a sheet of glass after travelingthrough air), some portion of the light is reflected from the surface(referred to as the interface) between the two media. A thin layer ofmaterial at the interface and having an index of refraction betweenthose of the two media can be used to reduce reflection.

In a specific implementation, to reduce glare, the camera-flash openingsuch as the edging surface is treated so that it is less reflectivethan, for example, the outside case surface. According to an aspect ofthe invention, generally, an edging of the camera-flash opening has alower reflectivity than a reflectivity of the case, sufficient toeliminate or reduce glare from appearing in pictures or video taken withthe camera lens through the opening.

The amount of specular light reflected off the edging surface from alight source is less than an amount of specular light reflected off theoutside case surface. Alternatively, the amount of diffuse lightreflected off the edging surface from the light source is greater thanan amount of diffuse light reflected off the outside surface from thelight source. Specular reflection measurements may be made using aspecular glossmeter. In a specific implementation, the reflectivity ofthe case at the camera-flash opening is reduced such as via a mattefinish to a level sufficient to prevent or reduce glare to the picturesand video taken with the camera.

Thus, in addition to color, other techniques to reduce glare includeproviding a particular surface characteristic, texture, or finish suchas by roughening the surface to increase the light absorbing or lightdiffusing quality of the camera-flash opening, applying an antiglare orantireflective coating, or combinations of these.

The case colors may be specified using a color space system or standard.Some examples of color space systems include the Pantone Matching System(PMS), Pantone Plastics color system, the Munsell color system, the ICIColour Dimensions Colour Atlas by the Imperial Chemical Industries Plcof London, CIE 1931 XYZ color space, created by the InternationalCommission on Illumination (CIE), the CIE 1976 (L*, u*, v*) color space,the Hunter L, a, b color space, and others. A color space or color modelis a system for describing color numerically.

For example, the Hunter L, a, b color space or scale is athree-dimensional rectangular color space based on the opponent-colorstheory. The “L” value indicates the lightness of a color. The “L” valuecan range from 0 to 100 where 0 is black and 100 is white. The “a” valueindicates the color's position between red and green. Positive “a”values are red; negative values are green, and 0 is neutral. The “b”value indicates the color's position between yellow and blue. Positive“b” values are yellow; negative values are blue; and 0 is neutral.

A color's lightness value can be measured using a color measurement toolsuch as a spectrophotometer or colorimeter. Specifically, the CIElightness value can provide an indication of the amount of glare wherehigh lightness values can indicate more glare than low lightness values.Colors having low lightness values can generally be described as darkcolors. Colors having high lightness values can generally be describedas light colors. Generally, the case colors will be selected so that thecolor of the camera-flash opening has a lower lightness value than thecase surface in order to prevent or reduce glare to pictures and videotaken by the camera.

The color measurements may be done at any point or location on the case.In a specific implementation, a first measurement reference point on theoutside case surface is selected such that the color at that selectedpoint is the most light as compared to other points on the outside casesurface (e.g., has the most white as compared to other regions or areason the outside case surface). For example, if the outside case surfacehas a pattern that includes regions of white and regions of black, inthis specific implementation, the selected reference point will bewithin a white region. A second measurement reference point is at thecamera-flash opening such as within the edging of the camera-flashopening. The color at the second reference point is darker than thecolor at the first reference point.

In various implementations, a technique to reduce glare may include apainted inner ring, using an insert mold, a co-molded ring with bodyform, or a snap in ring where a secondary lens may be applied, orcombinations of these. The secondary lens can be polarized lens (e.g., apolarized lens filter) to help reduce glare.

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a specific implementation of a case1105. The case includes a camera-flash opening 1110 which includes ahole through the back of the case. The hole extends from the outsidecase surface to the inside case surface. The camera-flash opening has anedge or edging 1115 that has a dark-colored coloring, e.g., is coloredblack or another dark color to prevent or reduce glare to pictures andvideo taken by the camera. The edging is between the outside and insidecase surfaces. The camera-flash opening has a length dimension that isgreater than a width dimension of the opening. A front opening 1120 ofthe case allows a screen 1012 (FIG. 10 ) of the phone to be accessed.The case may further include other openings so that other features orcontrols of the phone can be accessed while the phone remains protectedin the case.

FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a back of the case shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 shows a close-up perspective view of a corner of the casewhere the camera-flash opening is located.

The opening includes a bevel 1310 on the outside of the case. The bevelmay be referred to as a lens hood. The bevel is sloped or angled downtowards hole to help direct light away from the camera that wouldotherwise appear as glare in pictures and video. In this specificimplementation, the bevel has not been treated with the dark coloring.In another specific implementation, the lens hood (along with the edgingof the opening) is treated with the dark coloring.

FIGS. 14-25 show some other views of case 1105. FIG. 14 shows a frontview of the case. FIG. 15 shows a back view of the case. FIG. 16 shows aleft side view of the case. FIG. 17 shows a right side view of the case.FIG. 18 shows a top view of the case. FIG. 19 shows a bottom view of thecase. FIG. 20 shows a perspective of a front view the case in adisassembled position. FIG. 21 shows a perspective of a back view of thecase in the disassembled position. FIG. 22 shows a front view of thecase in the disassembled position. FIG. 23 shows a back view of the casein the disassembled position. FIG. 24 shows a left side view of the casein the disassembled position. FIG. 25 shows a right side view of thecase in the disassembled position.

Referring now to FIG. 20 , this case includes a first or lower caseportion 2010 a and a second or upper case portion 2010 b. The first caseportion includes a first open-shaped opening 2012, and a first basesurface 2015 upon which a back of a housing of the electronic devicewill be placed against. The first base surface includes a top edge 2020and a lower sidewall 2025, connected to the first base surface at an endopposite of the top edge, that will be positioned against a bottom sideedge of the electronic device.

The second case portion includes an upper sidewall 2030 that will bepositioned against a top side edge of the electronic device when thesecond case portion is seated against the first case portion. The secondcase portion further includes a second open-shaped opening 2034, and anopen side end 2035, opposite the upper sidewall. The second case portionslides onto the first case portion through the open side end. When thesecond case portion is seated against the first case portion, the firstand second case portions meet at and form a seam 1510 (FIG. 15 ) whichextends across a back and sides of the case as shown in FIGS. 15-17 .This seam and the location of the seam is further discussed in U.S. Pat.No. 7,612,997, issued Nov. 3, 2009 and U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/847,887, filed Jul. 30, 2010 which are incorporated by reference.

When the second case portion is seated against the first case portion,the first open-shaped opening for the first case portion merges with thesecond open-shaped opening for the second case portion to form frontopening 1120 (FIG. 11 ) of the case through which a screen 1010 of theelectronic device (FIG. 10 ) will be visible. The front opening has aclosed shape. Similarly, the camera-flash opening or back opening has aclosed shape through which a camera flash and camera lens of theelectronic device will be visible.

In this specific implementation, as shown in FIG. 20 , camera-flashopening 1110 is in second or upper case portion. However, this locationcan change depending upon, for example, the location of the seam asdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,997 and U.S. patent application Ser.No. 12/847,887. Thus, in another specific implementation, thecamera-flash opening is in the first or lower case portion.

The camera-flash opening has generally an oval or obround shape. Theshape may be formed from two semicircles that are joined together usingtwo parallel lines. However, the camera-flash opening shown in the caseof FIGS. 11-25 is merely one example of an opening that can be used.

In other case embodiments, the camera-flash opening (or openings) mayhave different shapes or arrangements. For example, FIGS. 26-31 show avariety of camera and flash-hole options for a case. Specifically, FIG.26 shows a back of a case having camera-flash opening for the camera andflash of the phone which the case holds. A detail section D6 indicates ashape of the opening. The detail section may have any of the openingoptions shown in FIGS. 27-31 .

FIG. 27 shows a first opening arrangement that has a single openinghaving an oval or obround shape. FIG. 28 shows a second openingarrangement that has a single opening having a tear drop or egg-shapedshape (or shape like an outline of a belt going around a large gear anda small gear). FIGS. 29-30 show a third and fourth opening arrangementthat has a single opening having a keyhole shape, being larger aroundthe camera lens and smaller around the flash. FIG. 31 shows a fifthopening arrangement that has two circular openings, one large circularopening for the camera lens and a smaller circular opening for theflash.

There are other possible opening arrangements and shapes includingpolygonal, triangular, square, rectangular, rounded rectangular,triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, and so forth. Opening shapes andarrangements are further discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/847,887, filed Jul. 30, 2010, which is incorporated by reference.Aspects and principles of the invention are applicable to thecamera-flash opening arrangements presented in this application and alsoto other arrangements not specifically discussed. Any openingarrangement in FIGS. 27-31 and described above can be used for the casein FIGS. 11-25 , and also for other portable electronic device cases.

FIG. 32 shows a back of a case with a camera-flash opening 3210 wherethe camera and flash of the phone (shown in the figure as circles with abroken line) are exposed through the opening. A section line A-A hasbeen drawn through opening 3210 or the camera hole to indicate somecamera hole edge treatment options as shown in the section views ofFIGS. 33-40 . A case regardless of what material the case is made of canhave any of the edge treatment options shown in FIGS. 33-40 .

FIGS. 33-34 show a painted black or other dark color treatment optionapplied to the camera-flash opening. The treatment options are indicatedin the figures as dark heavily shaded lines or blocks. Specifically,FIG. 33 shows a first treatment option where an edge of the opening andan inside border surrounding the opening has been painted black. FIG. 34shows a second treatment option where the edge of the camera opening hasbeen painted black, but the inside and outside surfaces of the casesurrounding the opening has not been painted black.

FIGS. 35-40 show camera hole treatment options where an insert orovermold is used. In a specific implementation, the dark heavily shadedblocks in FIGS. 35-40 indicate a black or dark colored insert or a gluedor snapped in piece that may be TPU, TPE, TPR, silicon, or others asdiscussed above. In another specific implementation, the dark heavilyshaded blocks in FIGS. 35-40 indicate an overmold. More specifically,FIG. 35 shows a third treatment option where a black or dark coloredmaterial has been applied to just the edge of the camera hole.

FIG. 36 shows a fourth treatment option where a case material edge ofthe opening has been sloped and a dark colored material has been appliedto the sloped case material edge. The slope is angled so that whenviewing the opening from the inside of the case towards the outside ofthe case and without the dark colored material, the case material edgeslopes towards the outside or converges towards the outside. In otherwords, the opening becomes smaller or narrows as one moves from theinside of the case and towards the outside of the case. When the darkcolored material is attached to the sloped case material edges a largearea of the dark colored material (or border) will be facing the insideof the case (i.e., facing towards the flash) to help prevent the flashfrom bouncing off the inside of the case.

In another specific implementation, the slope of the case material edgeis reversed from that shown in FIG. 36 . That is, the size or area ofthe case material hole increases or enlarges as one moves from theinside of the case and towards the outside. In this specificimplementation, when the dark colored material is attached to the slopedcase material edges a large area of the dark colored material (orborder) will be facing the outside of the case (i.e., facing away fromthe flash) to help prevent glare on the outside of the case.

Another benefit of sloping the case material camera-flash opening beforeapplying the dark material is to provide more surface area as comparedto a nonsloped or straight case material opening. The additional surfacearea can help to improve the bond between the case material and the darkmaterial so that the dark material does not accidentally separate fromthe case.

In the implementations shown in FIGS. 33-35 , the camera-flash opening(or rather the finished camera-flash opening) has a 0-degree slope,which means the edging is transverse or perpendicular to the plane ofthe phone and flash. Another technique to reduce glare is to manufacturethe slope to be greater than 0 degrees, so that the opening has aconcave edging (when viewed from the outside of the back side of thecase). This can also be done by using a black or dark color material inthe edging of the camera-flash opening. This dark material can alter theslope (from the original camera-flash opening edging). The dark coloringmaterial can be overmolded, inserted, glued, or snapped in place (or anycombination of these) on the case. The dark coloring material can be thesame material as the other case material, or the dark coloring materialmay be a different material from the other case material.

For example, FIG. 37 shows a fifth treatment option where a dark coloredmaterial attached to the camera hole edge has a sloped face or edging.That is the slope is greater than 0 degrees. This sloping can help toreduce glare and provide good illumination of the camera subjects viathe flash.

Generally, as light leaves a light source such as a flash, the lightspreads out like a cone. That is, as the light photons leave the flash,the photons start to spread out in a cone-shaped beam or radiateoutwards. So, sloping the edging of the camera-flash opening helps toreduce the amount of spreading photons or light rays which strike theedging surface of the camera-flash opening. These light rays, instead ofilluminating the camera subjects, may instead be reflected back towardsthe camera and appear as glare in pictures and video taken by thecamera.

Further, with the sloped edging, less of the spreading light rays willbe blocked by the opening edging which means more light will reach thecamera subjects. With more light reaching the subjects, the subjectswill be better illuminated.

As the angle of the edging slope increases the likelihood of lightreflecting back and causing glare may be reduced. For example, the lawof reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angleof reflection. Specifically, a ray of light approaching a surface may bereferred to as the incident light ray. The ray of light that reflectsoff the surface may be referred to as the reflected light ray. At thepoint of incidence, i.e., where the incident light ray strikes thesurface, a line can be drawn perpendicular to the surface. This line maybe referred to as the normal line. The normal line divides the anglebetween the incident light ray and the reflected light ray into twoequal angles. The angle between the incident ray and the normal may bereferred to as the angle of incidence. The angle between the reflectedlight ray and the normal may be referred to as the angle of reflection,which is equal to the angle of incidence.

So, for edging having a 0 degree slope, when an incident light rayapproaches the edging and strikes the edging at, for example, an angleof incidence of 45 degrees, the reflected light ray will have an angleof reflection of 45 degrees and may be directed towards the camera lens.The reflected light ray may then appear as glare in pictures and videotaken by the camera. However, with a sloped edging the incident lightray will have a different angle of incidence and angle of reflection.With the sloped edging, the reflected light ray can be directed awayfrom the camera lens so that glare to pictures and video taken by thecamera can be prevented or reduced.

The angle of the slope can range from about 5 degrees to about 60degrees including, for example, about 10, 20, 30, 45, or more than 60degrees as measured from a horizontal line perpendicular to the opening.The angle may be less than 5 degrees. The particular angle of the slopecan depend on factors such as the angle of the flash's reflector, thedesign of the flash and camera, the camera lens aperture, and so forth.

In an implementation, the thickness of the case can be altered to reduceglare. Under some conditions a thicker case is more effective atreducing glare issues than a thinner case. When a thicker thickness isused, the slope of the camera-flash opening edging can be altered tomake it more concave as shown in FIG. 37 , which will reduce glareissues. That is, the thicker case can have a sloped edging, i.e., anedging having a slope greater than 0 degrees, where the sloped edgingacts as a lens hood. A lens hood helps to prevent or reduce glare bypreventing undesirable light (e.g., lens flare) from entering the cameralens. Lens flare can be created when a very bright light, such as brightsunlight, enters the camera lens and hits the camera's sensor. This cancause undesirable bright streaks to appear in pictures and video takenby the camera.

Under other conditions, a thinner thickness can reduce glare. The casemay be made to be thinner at the camera-flash opening region to reduceglare and thicker elsewhere to strengthen the case. Whether to use athicker case or a thinner case can depend on factors such as the type ofcamera lens, e.g., wide angle lens versus telephoto lens. For example, athick case can allow for a wide lens hood. But, when such a hood is usedwith a telephoto lens, the wide hood may not be able to prevent lensflare. So, it can be desirable to select a case thickness based on thetype of camera lens.

FIG. 38 shows a sixth treatment option where the case material openingor hole has a countersink or depression on the inside of the case. Thisallows a dark colored material having a flange (e.g., insert or grommet)to be inserted into the hole such that the flange is recessed into thecountersink and lies flush with the inside surface of the case.

Because of the countersink, the flange does not protrude past the insidesurface of the case so that the back of the camera can be placed veryclose to the inside of the case. This helps to give the case a formfactor or size that is very close to the form factor of the phone. Inanother specific implementation, the case is designed so that the flangedoes protrude past the inside surface of the case. This can allow theflange to contact the phone and make a seal around the flash of thephone. The sealing provided by the flange can help to prevent the lightfrom escaping and bouncing off the inside of the phone.

Although FIG. 38 shows the countersink on the inside of the case, inanother specific implementation, the countersink is on the outside ofthe case when, for example, the flange is to be on the outside of thecase.

FIG. 39 shows a seventh treatment option where a dark colored materialfor the case camera-flash opening has an edging that is rounded, curved,or convex. Rounding the edging can further reduce glare and help preventthe spreading light rays from the flash from being blocked at theopening. See discussion on sloped edging above.

FIG. 40 shows a seventh treatment option where a dark colored material(or portions of the dark colored material) are recessed into a firstcountersink or depression on the outside of the case, and a secondcounter sink or depression on the inside of the case. In a specificimplementation, the dark colored material is a grommet having a tubularbody portion, a first flange connected to an end of the tubular bodyportion, and a second flange connected to an opposite end of the tubularbody portion. The first flange is recessed into the first countersinkand the second flange is recessed into the second counter sink.

In this specific implementation, the area of the first countersink (orfirst flange) is less than the area of the second countersink (or secondflange). In other words, there is a greater area or amount of the blackmaterial on the inside of the case as compared to the outside of thecase. This implementation may be appropriate where it is likely thatthere will be more glare that results from light bouncing off the insideof the case as compared to the outside of the case, such as when thereis a large gap between the back of the phone and the inside of the case.

In another specific implementation, the area of the first countersink(or first flange) is greater than the area of the second countersink (orsecond flange). In other words, there is a greater area or amount of theblack material on the outside of the case as compared to the inside ofthe case. This implementation may be appropriate where it is likely thatthere will be more glare that results from light outside of the case ascompared to the inside of the case.

In another specific implementation, the areas of the first and secondcountersinks or flanges are the same.

Any of the treatment options shown in FIGS. 33-40 and described abovecan be used with any of the opening arrangements shown in FIGS. 27-31 .

FIGS. 11-25 show merely one specific implementation of a case with acamera-flash opening having features to prevent or reduce glare. Thecase is of a two-piece design. However, as one of skill in the art wouldrecognize, a case can be of a single-piece or one-piece design. With asingle-piece case design the case can be designed to snap onto a back ofthe phone. Further, in a specific implementation, the case will includea battery, enclosed between the base back surface and the back of thecase to lengthen a battery life of the device. A battery case isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,997, issued Nov. 3, 2009, which isincorporated by reference.

This invention relates to a case for portable electronic devices, andmore specifically, to a case with a battery.

There are many types of portable electronic devices including personaldigital assistants (PDAs), computers, smartphones, mobile phones,satellite phones, cellular phones, pagers, music player, MP3 players,media players, digital cameras, video cameras, bar code scanner, globalpositioning system (GPS), and portable game consoles. Typically thesedevices are battery powered, so that people can carry and use thedevices during their daily lives (e.g., on a bus or train, while inflight on an airplane, at the gym on the stair stepper, walking down anaisle, riding a bike, or driving a car).

These portable electronic devices allow people to play and record music,send and receive e-mail, send text messages, browse Web pages, makephone calls, play and record video, take and view pictures, editdocuments, and much more. These devices continue to revolutionize theway people interact, learn, connect with other people, conduct business,and find things. They help people manage their daily lives and sometimesare an entertainment source.

Because portable electronic devices are somewhat fragile and used tocarry valuable personal information (e.g. phone numbers, financialinformation, private photos or videos, and favorite music tracks), manypeople protect their portable electronic devices using cases. Dependingon the particular case design, these cases protect the back, side, andfront of the devices from scratches, dings, drops, and other physicaldamage. Some cases may even have pockets to hold extra batteries ormemory. So, when a battery becomes discharged, the person can take theused battery out of the portable electronic device and replace it with afresh battery from the case's pocket. Then the used battery can berecharged using a recharger at home.

Also as modern portable electronic devices evolve, they continue toprovide more features and greater functionality. For example, screensizes become larger and have greater resolution. The devices havegreater wireless range or capabilities (e.g., 3G broadband wireless) andmore numbers of sensors (e.g., touch screen, accelerometer, proximitysensor, and ambient light sensor). Applications that run on the devicesalso may use more processing power. All these improvements and changesusually are an additional drain on the battery, shortening how longthese devices can be used on a single charge.

Therefore, it is desirable to increase the battery life of portableelectronic devices and also to protect these devices from damage. Thereis a need for a portable electronic device case that also providesadditional battery life.

A case for an electronic device protects and extends the battery life ofthe electronic device. The case has a lower case portion and an uppercase portion, which assemble together to protect the top, side, andbottom edges of the electronic device. The lower case portion includes abattery to extend the battery life of the electronic device.

To assemble the case together, the upper case portion slides onto theelectronic device and the lower case portion. The case has openingswhich allow a user with fully access the features of the portableelectronic device. A front opening of the case for a screen of theelectronic device is formed by a merging of partial openings in theupper and lower case portions. The case also allows the electronicdevice to synchronize with another device without removing it from thecase.

In an implementation, a case for an electronic device includes a lowercase or first case portion including: a base surface upon which a backof the electronic device will be placed against, where the base surfaceincludes a top edge; a battery, enclosed in the lower case portion;electronic circuitry, connected to the battery; a lower sidewall,connected to the base surface at an end opposite of the top edge, thatwill be positioned against a bottom side edge of the electronic device;an inner connector, on the lower sidewall, positioned to connect to aconnector of the electronic device, and connected through the electroniccircuitry to the battery; and an outer connector, positioned on anoutside bottom side of the lower case portion, connected through theelectronic circuitry to the battery and inner connector.

The case includes an upper or second case portion including: an uppersidewall that will be positioned against a top side edge of theelectronic device when the upper case portion is seated against thelower case portion; and an open side end, opposite of the uppersidewall. The upper case portion slides onto the lower case portionthrough the open side end in a direction along the base surface from thetop edge to the lower sidewall. When the upper case portion is seatedagainst the lower case portion, the upper and lower case portions meetat and form a seam which extends across a back of the case.

In various implementations, the upper case portion further includes aleft sidewall having an opening through which buttons on a left side ofthe electronic device will be accessible. The lower case portion furtherincludes a back surface having a button, connected to the electroniccircuitry, positioned on a side of the seam line closer to the outsidebottom side of the lower case portion. The lower case portion includesan opening through the base back surface against which a camera lensopening of the electronic device will be placed. The lower and uppercase portion are made of rigid plastic material. In particular, theupper and lower portions are not made of a relatively flexible materialsuch as rubber or silicone.

The lower case portion includes: a first group of openings, positionedon the lower sidewall on a first side from the inner connector, where afirst speaker opening for the electronic will be placed against thefirst openings when electronic device is connected to the innerconnector. There is a second group of openings, positioned on the lowersidewall on a second side from the inner connector, where a secondspeaker opening for the electronic will be placed against the secondopenings when electronic device is connected to the inner connector.There is a third plurality of openings, positioned on the outside bottomside, where each of the third openings is smaller than an opening forthe outer connector.

When the upper case portion is seated against the lower case portion, afirst open-polygon opening for the lower case portion merges with asecond open-polygon opening for the upper case portion to form a frontopening, having a closed-polygon shape, of the case through which ascreen of the electronic device will be visible. When the upper caseportion is seated against the lower case portion, on a back side of thecase, the upper case portion overlaps at least one portion of the lowercase portion to hold the upper case to the lower case portion.

The lower case portion has a button, connected to the electroniccircuitry. By using the button, the case can be switch from one mode toanother. For example, via the button, the case is placed in a first modeduring which synchronizing with the electronic device will be permittedor in a second mode during which charging of the electronic device willbe permitted.

The lower case portion includes some lighting indicators (e.g., LEDs),which are connected to the electronic circuitry. After pressing thebutton for a first time period, the lighting indicators will specify alevel of charge remaining for the battery. After pressing the button fora second time period, longer than the first time period, the circuitenters the first mode (e.g., synchronization). When connecting a cableto the outer connector of the lower case portion, the cable does notpass through any opening of the upper case portion.

In an implementation, a method making an electronic device caseincludes: providing a lower case portion of the electronic device caseincluding a base front surface and base back surface; enclosing abattery between the base front surface and base back surface; connectingelectronic circuitry to the battery and an inner and outer connector;and providing an upper case portion for the electronic device case thatslides onto the lower case portion, where when the upper case portion isseated against the lower case portion, the upper and lower case portionsform a seam which extends across a back of the case.

In various implementations, the base back surface includes a base upperback surface and base lower back surface, the base back surface has afirst side, a second side, and a first thickness between the first andsecond sides. The method further includes: enclosing the electroniccircuitry between the base front surface and the base lower backsurface; making a cavity in the base lower back surface, where thecavity extends from the second side toward, but not through to the firstside, and a second thickness from an end of the cavity to the first sideis thinner than the first thickness; and positioning a lighting sourceof the electronic circuitry facing toward the cavity, wherein whenturned on, the lighting source emits visible light that passes throughthe second thickness, but not the first thickness, to the first side.

The method includes: providing a button in the base back surface, wherethe button is connected to the electronic circuitry and a surface of thebutton is flush with a surface of the base back surface; providingindicator lights in the base back surface, where the indicator lightsare connected to the electronic circuitry; after holding the button fora first time period, using the indicator lights to show a charge levelof the battery; and after holding the button for a second time period,longer than the first time period, entering a sync mode to establish adata path between the inner and outer connectors.

After entering the sync mode, pressing the button causes exiting of thesync mode. After entering the sync mode, at least one of the indicatorlights is used to indicate the circuitry is in the sync mode. A metalshield is provided between the electronic circuitry and the base frontsurface.

In an implementation, a kit for case for an electronic device includes:a foam tray (e.g., black foam) including a first compartment and asecond compartment; a cable, contained within the first compartment; anda case for a portable electronic device, contained within the secondcompartment.

The case includes: a lower case portion comprising a base front surfaceand base back surface; a battery, contained between the base frontsurface and base back surface; electronic circuitry, coupled to thebattery; and an upper case portion, attached to the lower case portion.A a first open-polygon opening for the lower case portion merges with asecond open-polygon opening for the upper case portion to form a frontopening of the case through which a screen of the electronic device willbe visible, the front opening having a closed-polygon shape.

The cable is a universal serial bus cable having a first end with a USBType A plug connector and a second end having USB Mini-B plug connector.When the lower case portion is attached to the lower case portion, theupper and lower case portions meet at and form a seam which extendsacross a back of the case.

In an implementation, a case for an electronic device includes a lowercase portion and upper case portion that slides onto the lower caseportion. The lower case portion includes a battery; electroniccircuitry, connected to the battery; a lower sidewall; and an innerconnector, positioned on the lower sidewall and connected to the batterythrough the circuitry. A first opening is positioned on the lowersidewall in a first direction (e.g., left) away from the innerconnector. A second opening is positioned on the lower sidewall in asecond direction (e.g., right) away from the inner connector, where thesecond direction is opposite of the first direction. The first andsecond openings may be audio openings (e.g., stereo sound).

An outer connector is positioned on a bottom side of the lower caseportion and connected to the battery and inner connector through thecircuitry. A third opening is positioned on the bottom side, where afirst line through the first opening, second line through the secondopening, and a third line through the third opening are parallel to eachother. The base front surface may include raised cushioning stripsrunning a third direction, transverse to the first direction.

The upper case portion includes upper, first, and second sidewalls, anda seam edge extends from the first sidewall across a back of the uppercase portion through to the second sidewall. The seam edge is generallytransverse to the first line. The seam edge is generally transverse tothe strips.

The back of the lower case portion can include a number of lightingindicators, connected to the circuitry; and a button, connected to thecircuitry, where after pressing the button for a first time period(e.g., less than 3 seconds), the light indicators will specify a levelof charge remaining for the battery, and after pressing the button for asecond time period (e.g., 3 seconds or more), longer than the first timeperiod, the circuit enters a sync mode.

There are a number of ways to exit the sync mode. After entering thesync mode, when the outer connector is not connected to anotherelectronic device within a third time period (e.g., 30 seconds), longerthan the second time period, the circuitry exits the sync mode. Afterentering the sync mode, when the button is pressed, the circuitry exitsthe sync mode. After entering sync mode, when the outer connector isdisconnected from another electronic device, the circuitry exits thesync mode.

While in the sync mode, one of the lighting indicators flashes. At leastone of the lighting indicators used to indicate a charge level of thebattery is also used to indicate the circuitry is in the sync mode.

The lower case portion further includes a first camera opening on a basefront surface, where the first camera opening is a closed polygon (e.g.,circle, square, or hexagon) having a first area; and a second cameraopening on a base back surface, where the second camera opening is aclosed polygon having a second area, larger than the first area, and thebattery is enclosed between the base front surface and base backsurface.

A back of the lower case portion includes a number of lightingindicators (e.g., three, four, or five), connected to the circuitry,where a line extends between a first and second of the lightingindicators. A button is connected to the circuitry, and this button ispositioned so the line (passing through the first and second of thelighting indicators) does not pass through the button.

A back of the lower case portion includes a number of lightingindicators, connected to the circuitry, where a line segment extendsbetween a first and second of the lighting indicators. A button isconnected to the circuitry and this button is positioned in a thirddirection (e.g., below) from the line segment, transverse to the firstdirection and is equidistant (e.g., centered between) to ends of theline segment.

After the upper and lower case portions are joined, a seam line dividesthe case so the lower case portion is from about 0.18 to about 0.38 of alength of the joined case. After the upper and lower case portions arejoined, a seam line divides the case so for a front of the case, thelower case portion is about X of a length of the joined case and for aback of the case, the lower case portion is about Y of a length of thejoined case, where X and Y are numbers and Y is greater than X. Forexample, X is about 0.23 and Y is about 0.27.

In an implementation, a method includes: providing a lower case portionof an electronic device case including a base front surface and baseback surface; providing a first camera opening on the base frontsurface, where the first camera opening has a closed polygon shape;enclosing a battery between the base front surface and base backsurface; providing electronic circuitry connected to the battery and aninner and outer connector; and providing an upper case portion for theelectronic device case that slides onto the lower case portion, wherethe upper case portion comprises a seam edge that extends from a firstfront corner across a back of the upper case portion through to a secondfront corner.

The base back surface includes a base upper back surface and base lowerback surface. The base back surface has a first side, a second side, anda first thickness between the first and second sides. The method furtherincludes: enclosing the electronic circuitry between the base frontsurface and the base lower back surface; making a cavity in the baselower back surface, wherein the cavity extends from the second sidetoward, but not through to the first side, and a second thickness froman end of the cavity to the first side is thinner than the firstthickness; and positioning a lighting source of the electronic circuitryfacing toward the cavity, wherein when turned on, the lighting sourceemits visible light that passes through the second thickness, but notthe first thickness, to the first side.

A second camera opening is provided on the base back surface, where thesecond camera opening has a closed polygon shape and a first area of thefirst camera opening is less than a second area of the second cameraopening. The base back surface includes a sloped lens hood around thefirst camera opening, extending from the first camera opening to thesecond camera opening at least a thickness of the battery.

The method includes: providing a button in the base back surface, wherethe button is connected to the electronic circuitry and a surface of thebutton is flush with a surface of the base back surface; providingindicator lights in the base back surface, where the indicator lightsare connected to the electronic circuitry; after holding the button fora first time period, using the indicator lights to show a charge levelof the battery; and after holding the button for a second time period,longer than the first time period, entering a sync mode to establish adata path between the inner and outer connectors.

The method includes after entering the sync mode, pressing the buttoncauses exiting the sync mode. The method includes after entering thesync mode, using at least one of the indicator lights to indicate thecircuitry is in the sync mode.

In an implementation, a method includes providing a lower case portion.The lower case portion includes a front side, a back side, and a lowersidewall. The lower case has no indicator lights on a front side. Thelower case has an inner connector having a first width (e.g., 22millimeters) and an outer connector having a second width (e.g., 8millimeters). The second width is less than the first width. The firstwidth is from about 2 to about 2.75 times wider than the second width.

The lower case portion includes a number of indicator lights (e.g.,five) on a back side. A button is centered (e.g., below a middle of thefive indicator lights) on the back side. Holding the button for morethan a time period (e.g., three seconds or more) indicates to thecircuitry to enter a synchronization mode. The lower case portion has abattery and circuitry to charge the battery using power input throughthe outer connector. The battery charges a portable electronic device tobe connected to the inner connector.

A first camera opening (e.g., a circle) on a base front surface of thelower case portion has a first diameter. A second camera opening (e.g.,a circle) on a base back surface of the lower case portion has a seconddiameter greater than the first diameter. A first set of audio openingsis positioned on the lower sidewall at a first side (e.g., left) of theinner connector. A second set of audio openings is positioned on thelower sidewall at a second side (e.g., right) of the inner connector Athird set of audio openings on an exterior lower side of the lower caseportion is at a second side of the outer connector. A first line passingthrough one of the first set of audio openings is parallel to a secondline passing through one of the third set of audio openings.

The lower case portion has a first raised strip on the base frontsurface. The lower case portion has a second raised strip on the basefront surface. The raised strips are made of the same material andprovide some cushioning, compared to the base front surface.

In a specific implementation, when the phone is placed on the base frontsurface and connected to the inner connector, a top of the phone doesnot extend beyond an upper edge of the base front surface. A frontopening of the assembled case is generally rectangular with roundedcorners. The front opening has a first frame edge that extends in avertical direction from a first seam line toward a first rounded cornerat a bottom left of the lower case portion, through the first roundedcorner to a second frame edge that extends in a horizontal directiontoward a second rounded corner at a bottom right of the lower caseportion, through the second rounded corner to a third frame edge,parallel to the first frame edge to a second seam line.

The first seam line is inline with the second seam line. The first seamline is transverse to the vertical direction. The first seam line ispositioned at from about 0.15 to about 0.38 of a vertical length of thelower case portion. Further, when the upper case portion is on the lowercase portion, the first seam line is positioned at about 0.23 of alength of a vertical length of the assembled case. When a portableelectronic device is inserted in the inner connector, a lower edge of ascreen is parallel to the first seam line.

When the upper case portion is on the lower case portion, there is athird seam line for a back of the case. The third seam line ispositioned at a different ratio (e.g., 0.27 versus 0.23) of the verticallength of the assembled case.

On a left side, the upper case has a first slot opening. On a top side,the upper case has a circular opening and a second slot opening, smallerthan the first slot opening. On a back, the upper case has a cameraopening.

In an implementation, a back and side surface of the upper case portionis coated with a soft-touch coating. A front inside surface of the uppercase portion is polished to a glossy finish. A front, back, and sidesurface of the lower case portion is coated with the soft-touch coating.The base front surface of the lower case portion is polished to a glossyfinish.

FIGS. 41A-41C show a case that protects a portable electronic device4101 (e.g., smartphone, music player, or camera) from damage and alsohas a built-in battery to extend the battery life of the portableelectronic device. FIG. 41A shows an upper case portion 4104 of thecase, FIG. 41B shows a lower portion 4108 of the case, and FIG. 41Cshows a representative portable electronic device 4101. This figuresshow the case and electronic device in a portrait mode orientation.However, the orientation of the case may change (e.g., landscape modeorientation or upside-down orientation) or vary depending on the pointof view or the orientation of the electronic device. So, the lower caseportion may become the upper case portion, right-side case portion, orleft-side case portion. The upper case portion may become the lower caseportion, right-side case portion, or left-side case portion. Regardlessof the orientation, the case has two portions, where one case portionencloses a built-in battery. The lower case portion may also be referredto as a first case portion and the upper case portion may be referred toas a second case portion.

The portable electronic device fits into the lower case portion. Theupper case portion slides over the portable electronic device and lowercase portion to secure the portable electronic device in place. FIG. 42shows an assembled case 4201 with upper and lower case portions joinedtogether, but without the portable electronic device in the case.

The case protects the portable electronic device and has openings whichallow a user to access the features of the device. Further, the caseincludes a battery, enclosed within the lower case portion, tosupplement the battery of the portable electronic device, thusincreasing running time for the portable electronic device. Features andaspects of this case may be applied to cases for various portableelectronic devices and device types.

In FIG. 41C, the portable electronic device is a smartphone. Forpurposes of discussion, this patent describes the case as being for asmartphone. Some examples of smartphones include the Apple® iPhone,Blackberry® Storm, Blackberry® Pearl, Samsung® BlackJack, LG® Touchphones, and LG® Dare, and there are many others.

However, the case can be used with any type of battery-powered portableelectronic device, where this device does not necessarily providetelephony functionality. For example, in other implementations, the casemay be for a portable or handheld gaming device (e.g., Sony®PlayStation® Portable or PSP®, or Nintendo® DS™), portable or palm-sizedcomputer (e.g., OQO computer or Intel® Atom™ netbook), personal digitalassistant (PDA), pager, audio player, video player, media player (Apple®Touch), cassette player, compact disc (CD) player, digital video disc(DVD) player, camera, video recorder, digital recorder, voice recorder,music recorder, digital audio recorder, or nonvolatile memory storage(e.g., Flash or phase-change memory).

Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Apple is atrademark of Apple Computer Incorporated. Blackberry is a trademark ofResearch in Motion Limited. Samsung is a trademark of SamsungElectronics Company Limited. LG is a trademark of LG Electronics,Incorporated. Sony is a trademark of Sony Corporation. PlayStation andPSP are trademarks of Sony Computer Entertainment Incorporated. Nintendois a trademark of Nintendo Company, Limited. Intel and Atom aretrademarks of Intel Corporation. OQO is a trademark of OQO Incorporated.

In FIG. 41C, the smartphone has a top side edge where there is a headsetjack 4112 and a sleep/wake button 4116. On a left side edge, there is aring/silent switch 4120 and volume buttons 4124. On a back of the device(not shown in FIG. 41C), there is a camera lens 4128 (indicated usingbroken lines).

On a bottom side edge of the device, there are speaker and microphoneopenings (not shown) and an electrical connector (not shown). Via theelectrical connector, the phone can be charged or connected to anotherdevice, such as a computer or another smartphone, for synchronizing ortransferring of files.

On a front of the device, there is a screen 4132, which may be a touchscreen. Below the touch screen, there is a button 4136, and above thetouch screen, a telephone receiver 4140 (which a user can hold to an earto hear a telephone conversation).

While the device is in the case, the user will still be able to accessthe features of the device. Specifically, for example, for accessingheadset jack 4112 and sleep/wake button 4116, upper case portion 4104has on its top side (upper sidewall), a headset jack opening 4144 and abutton opening 4148, respectively. For accessing ring/silent switch 4120and volume buttons 4124, the upper case portion has on its left side(left sidewall), a side opening 4152. For camera lens 4128, lower caseportion 4108 has a camera opening 4156 and upper case portion 4104 alsohas a corresponding camera opening (not shown in FIG. 41A). The cameraopening in the upper case portion lines up with the camera openings inthe lower case portion.

As shown in FIG. 42 , when assembled together, the upper and lowerportions of the case define an opening 4204 in the front, through whichthe user can view and access the touch screen, home button, andreceiver. As shown in the figure, opening 4204 has a closed-polygonshape.

The closed-polygon shape can have any shape (e.g., square, trapezoid,pentagon, hexagon, octagon, star, circle, arch, or oval). In a specificimplementation, the closed-polygon shape is a rectangle with roundedcorners. This closed-polygon shape is formed by the merging of twoopen-polygon shapes. The upper case portion has a first open-polygonfront opening; this shape may generally be described as an upside downU. The lower case portion has a second open-polygon front opening; thisshape may generally be described as a U. To assemble the case together,the upper case portion is seated or fitted against the lower caseportion. Then the upside-down U of the upper case portion joins with theU of the lower case portion to form the rectangularclosed-polygon-shaped front opening shown in FIG. 42 .

The lower case portion has rubber strips 4160 a and 4160 b on a basefront surface 4164. The strips protect and cushion the phone in thecase. When placed in the case, a back of the electronic device will beplaced against base front surface 4164. The base surface has a top edge4165. There is a lower sidewall 4166 that is connected to the base frontsurface at an end opposite of the top edge. The lower sidewall will bepositioned against the bottom side edge of the electronic device.

On the lower sidewall is an inside or inner connector 4168, which ispositioned and will connect to the electrical connector on the bottomside edge of the electronic device. To the left and right of the innerconnector are left speaker openings 4172 a and right speaker openings4172 b. Each of the speaker openings 4172 a and 4172 b may include oneor more individual openings. A left speaker opening on the bottom sideedge of the electronic device will be placed against left speakeropenings 4172 a. A right speaker opening on the bottom side edge of theelectronic device will be placed against right speaker openings 4172 b.The electronic device's microphone and speakers transmit sound throughthese speaker (or audio) openings. More details on the speaker or audioopenings are below.

FIGS. 43-50 show various other views of the case. FIG. 43 shows a frontview of the assembled case. Where upper 4104 and lower 4108 caseportions meet, there is a seam line 4304. There are seam lines on eitherside (opposite sides) of front opening 4204.

FIG. 44 shows a back view of the assembled case. For lower case portion4108, there are a case button 4408 and indicator lights 4412 a-e (e.g.,light emitting diodes (LEDs) or other lighting sources). Asynchronization (or sync) marking 4416 is around indicator light 4412 e;this marking is optional. When the upper case portion is seated orfitted against the lower case portion, the upper and lower case portionsmeet at and form a seam line 4419 which extends across a back of thecase.

The lower case portion includes a lens shield or lens hood 4420 (seealso FIG. 52 ), which extends from camera opening 4156. Upper caseportion 4104 also has a camera opening 4424 for the camera lens; cameraopening 4424 is larger (i.e., larger diameter) than camera opening 4156.More details on the camera lens openings and lens shield are below.

FIG. 45 shows a left side view of the assembled case. Where the upperand lower case portions meet, there is a seam line that extends acrossthe back and through the sides to the front. In a specificimplementation, for the side of the case, seam line 4304 is angledslightly with respect to a horizontal line. For the front of the case, adistance (SM1) is from the seam line to the bottom of the case. For theback of the case, a distance (SM2) is from the seam line to the bottomof the case. The angled seam line on the side is due to distance SM2being greater than distance SM1.

FIG. 46 shows a right side view of the assembled case. The seam line isalso angled in this side view. FIG. 47 shows a top side view of theupper case portion of the assembled case. The speaker openings 4172 aand 4172 b are visible through the openings on the top side of the uppercase portion. More details on camera opening 4424 are below.

FIG. 48 shows a bottom side view of the lower case portion. The lowercase portion has an outside or outer connector 4804 (e.g., a mini-B USBconnector) and a grille or outside speaker opening 4808 that arepositioned on an outside bottom side. The outer connector allows a userto connect the case and device via a cable (e.g., USB cable) to a powersource or to synchronize with another electronic device. In the specificimplementation in FIG. 48 , the outer connector is positioned a bottomside edge of the lower case portion (or portion which encloses orconceals the battery). However, in other implementations, the outerconnector may be positions at other locations. For example, the outerconnector can be positioned on an outside right side edge of the lowercase portion. The outer connector can be positioned on an outside leftside edge of the lower case portion. The outer connector can bepositioned on a back side (near or below the buttons and LEDs) of thelower case portion. The outer connector can be positioned on a frontside (near or below the front screen opening) of the lower case portion.In alternative implementations, the outer connector may be position onthe case portion which does not have enclose the battery (e.g., uppercase portion); then the connector is connected to the battery via wiresor other electrical connectors. The outer connector can be positioned onan outside top or upper side edge of the upper case portion. The outerconnector can be positioned on an outside right side edge of the uppercase portion. The outer connector can be positioned on an outside leftside edge of the upper case portion. The outer connector can bepositioned on a back side of the upper case portion. The outer connectorcan be positioned on a front side (near or above the front screenopening) of the upper case portion.

The outside speaker opening allows sound output (e.g., stereo soundoutput). Sound from the electronic device will travel through speakeropenings 4172 a and 4172 b and output through openings 4808. Openings4172 a and 4172 b are aligned with openings 4808, so a line passingthrough openings 4172 a and 4172 b will be parallel with lines passingthrough openings 4808. Note that openings 4808 are made up of individualcircular openings that are each smaller than the opening for outerconnector 4804. In other implementations, however, there can be anynumber of openings, larger or smaller than the openings shown, and eachopening may have a different shape. More details on the outer connectorand outside speaker opening are below.

FIG. 49 shows a front view of the upper case portion. The upper caseportion includes a left sidewall 4904, a right sidewall 4908 (oppositethe left side wall), an upper sidewall 4912, and an upper interiorsurface 4916 which connects to the left, right, and upper sidewalls.Generally, the upper interior surface is approximately perpendicular tothe sidewalls. Sidewalls 4904, 4908, and 4912 generally form athree-sided rectangular frame with rounded corners (e.g., upside downU). The upper case portion also has an open side end 4919 (which wouldbe the fourth side of the rectangular frame) that is opposite of uppersidewall 4912.

FIG. 50 shows a top view of the lower case portion. The lower caseportion includes front base surface 4164 with strips 4160 a and 4160 bthat run in a vertical direction (when viewing the case in a portraitorientation) on its surface. The electronic device (e.g., phone) will beplaced on front base surface 4164 and inserted (e.g., by sliding) intoinner connector 4168, which holds the phone to the lower case portion.There are a left insert 41004 a and a right insert 41004 b which curveupward at a lower portion of the base. These inserts extend from a lowersidewall 41006, which is generally shaped like a three-sided rectangularframe with rounded corners (e.g., U).

After the electronic device is placed on the front base surface, toassemble the case, a person takes the upper case portion and slides it(through open side end 4919 of the upper case portion) over theelectronic device onto the lower case portion. The upper case portionslides onto the lower case portion through the open side end in adirection 41013 (i.e., vertical direction) along the base surface fromthe top edge to the lower sidewall.

In an implementation, the material of the case is a rigid hard plastic.Both upper and lower case portions are made of the same material. Theupper case portion is formed of a shape to fit over the phone and lowercase portions without need to stretch the upper case portion over thelower case portion. The case portions made of a relatively rigidmaterial cannot be stretched as much as, for example, gel, silicone, orrubber, without cracking or breaking. More details on the material ofthe case are below.

The base front surface generally has a contour that matches or conformsto the back of the phone or other device which will lie on the basefront surface. For example, if the phone has a convex curved back, thenthe base front surface will have a concave curved surface. The basefront surface gives good support for the electronic device. A length ofthe base front surface is such that when an electronic device is placedon the base surface, the top edge base front surface is roughly aligned(e.g., same length, slightly longer, or slightly shorter) with a topside edge of the electronic device.

Strips 4160 a and 4160 b extend in the vertical direction along basefront surface 4164 of the lower case portion. Strips 4160 a and 4160 bare typically a different material than the base front surface materialand rise slightly above the base front surface. These strips can be madeof a material that has cushioning properties such as rubber, vinyl,polymer, plastic, foam (e.g., material with bubbles), or silicone.Depending on the material used, the strips may also be slightly tacky.These strips help cushion the electronic device and prevent it frombecoming scratched or marred, especially when inserting the device intothe lower case portion. The strips also help to gently grip theelectronic device so that it does not inadvertently slide or become aseasily dislodged from the lower case portion.

The figures show a specific arrangement and number of strips, but inother implementations, there can be any number of strips in anyarrangement. For example, there can be three, four, or more stripsrunning in the lengthwise direction. Or the strips can run diagonally orhorizontally on the base front surface. Further, in an implementation,the strips can be omitted entirely.

Like a sleeve, the upper case portion slides over and onto the left andright inserts (41004 a and 41004 b) of the lower case portion untilbeing stopped by a raised lip 41008 of the lower case portion. Thisraised lip extends from the left insert along the back (see also FIG. 52) to the right insert of the lower case portion. Where the upper andlower case portions meet, the exterior surfaces become flush with eachother.

When the upper case portion is seated against the lower case portion, ona back side of the case, the upper case portion overlaps at least oneportion of the lower case portion to hold the upper case to the lowercase portion. The upper case portion overlaps inserts 41004 a and 41004b and a back base surface 41204 (FIG. 52 ) of the lower case portion.

The upper case portion generally holds onto the left and right insertsof the lower case portion through friction. Further, a distance from anouter surface of the left insert to an outer surface of the right insertcan be typically slightly greater than an inner width of the upper caseportion (i.e., into which the inserts will fit). This allows the uppercase portion to hold onto the left and right inserts by compression.

Once joined, sidewalls 4904, 4908, 4912, and 41006 for the upper andlower case portions form front opening 4204, which is generally arectangular frame with rounded corners. The upper case portion's cameraopening 4424 aligns with the lower case portion's camera openings 4156and 41208. The camera lens of the phone will have an unobstructed viewthrough the camera openings of the lower and upper case portions.

FIG. 51 shows a back view of the upper case portion. There is an upperexterior surface 41104, which is the opposite side of upper interiorsurface 4916. FIG. 52 shows a back view of the lower case portion. Lensshield 4420 extends from camera opening 4156 at base front surface 4164to opening 41208 at a base back surface 41204. Camera opening 4156 issmaller (i.e., smaller diameter) than camera opening 41208. Note that ifthe base surface is sufficiently shorter than the electronic device,camera opening 4156, lens shield 4420, and camera opening 41208 may beomitted or partially omitted from the lower case portion.

In a specific implementation, the base back surface is a single piece(e.g., plastic) that has a base upper back surface 41209 and a baselower back surface 41212. The base upper back surface and base lowerback surface can be different sections of the base back surface. Inanother implementation, base upper back surface 41209 and base lowerback surface 41212 are individual pieces (e.g., two plastic pieces) thatmake up the base back surface (e.g., see FIG. 78 ).

FIG. 53 shows a left side view of the upper case portion. FIG. 54 showsa left side view of the lower case portion. FIG. 55 shows a right sideview of the upper case portion. FIG. 56 shows a right side view of thelower case portion.

FIG. 57 shows a top side view of the upper case portion (case notassembled), including headset jack opening 4144, button opening 4148,and camera opening 4424. FIG. 58 shows a bottom side view of the uppercase portion. FIG. 59 shows a top side view of the lower case portion,showing inner connector 4168, left speaker opening 4172 a, right speakeropening 4172 b, and camera opening 41208.

The case shown has specific openings sized, shaped, and positioned atparticular locations. These openings are customized for smartphone 4101as described above and shown in FIG. 41C. It should be appreciated thatthere may be any number of openings in the upper and lower portions ofthe case to allow features of a portable electronic device to beaccessible to a user. The openings may have any size, any shape, anycombination of sizes, or any combination of shapes. There can be more,fewer, or different openings from those shown for the case in thefigures. The openings can be positioned at different locations than thatshown.

FIG. 60 shows a cross section of a case with a phone, when placed facedown on a table 42004 or other flat or relatively flat surface. Forexample, the case with phone may be placed on a countertop, vanity, hottub edge, window sill, chair, sofa, or floor. The front of the case hasfront opening 4204 (see FIG. 42 ) and along a border of this opening areframe edges 42009. These frame edges hold the phone in the case and alsoraise the phone slightly off the surface of the table.

This feature helps protect the front face of the phone from damage(e.g., scratching) since the front face does not touch the surface whenin the face-down position. Thus, for example, the user can rub theface-down case and phone on the surface (as if sanding the surface usinga sanding block), and the phone's front face and screen will not bedamaged.

In a specific embodiment, the frame edges of the case form a plane. Thisplane is generally, depending on a flatness of the table surface,approximately planar with a plane of the table surface. The frame edgesraise the phone's screen from about 0.25 millimeters to about 2.5millimeters above the plane of the frame edges. For example, a distancefrom the phone's screen to the table's surface can be 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.2,or 1.5 millimeters. In a specific implementation, the phone's screen iscoplanar to the table and a distance from the table to the screen isapproximately 1 millimeter. This distance will vary depending on theflatness of the surfaces.

Also, generally, front opening 4204 is smaller than the phone's frontface. In other words, for example, a length of the front opening is lessthan a length of the phone's front face. A width of the front opening isless than a width of the phone's front face. In a specificimplementation, the front opening is generally rectangular and has alength of about 109.5 millimeters and a width of about 55 millimeters.The corners of the front opening can also be rounded (or square in otherimplementations).

FIG. 61 shows a close-up top view of built-in lens hood 4420 and thecamera openings of the upper and lower case portions. FIG. 62 shows aside view of a camera opening 42230 for the assembled case. FIG. 63shows a cross section of the lens hood between the camera openings ofthe upper and lower case portions.

Within box 42305 is the lower case portion which includes base frontsurface 4164 and base back surface 41204. Base front surface 4164 (seealso FIG. 41 ) has camera opening 4156. Base back surface 41204 hascamera opening 41208. Also, the base front surface and base back surfaceform an enclosure 42309 between them, within which a battery 42317 forthe case is housed. More details on the battery are below.

Base back surface 41204 has lens hood 4420 which extends from cameraopening 41208 toward base front surface 4164. Base front surface 4164joins with base back surface 41204, and camera opening 4156 aligns withlens hood 4420. When the case is assembled together, camera opening 4424of upper case portion 4104 aligns with the camera openings in the lowercase portion.

In a specific implementation, the lens hood has about a 31 degree fieldof view. In other implementations, however, the field of view can be anydesired number of degrees, less than or greater than 31 degrees. Theangle of view provided by the case will depend on the field of view ofthe camera of the phone and will generally be at least as wide as thecamera's field of view, so that the lens hood will not appear in thephotos taken by the camera. In an implementation, the camera has a fieldof view of about 30-32 degrees, and the corresponding camera opening inthe case is at least about 30-32 degrees or wider. For example, theangle of view of the camera opening can range from about 25-60 degrees.

In a specific implementation, the lens hood for the lower case portionhas a length of about 3.7 millimeters from opening 4156 to opening41208. However, the length of the lens hood can be any desired lengthand vary on a number of factors such as a thickness of the battery. Forexample, in other implementations, the hood length can vary from about2.8 millimeters to about 5 millimeters. The length can be less than 2.8millimeters (e.g., for a thin battery) or greater than 4.5 millimeters(e.g., for a jumbo battery). Generally, the thicker battery 42317 is,the longer the lens hood. A thicker battery (for the sametwo-dimensional area) also usually means greater battery capacity.

The case has the camera openings to allow a user to take pictures withthe phone's camera without removing the phone from the case. When thephone is placed in the case, the phone's camera lens aligns behind thelower case portion's camera openings 4156 and 41208, and the upper caseportion's camera opening 4424 so that the camera lens' view isunobstructed. A picture taken with the phone in the case will notcapture the sides or edges of the camera openings.

The built-in lens hood of the case is a feature that improves thepicture taking of the camera. Without a lens hood, sun or other lightcan more easily strike the camera lens and cause unwanted flaring,glare, uneven lighting, and shadows in the photos. The lens hood of thiscase helps prevent such undesired effects.

The lens hood also protects the lens of the camera. The lens hoodprotrudes from the camera lens a certain distance, preventinginadvertent touches and scratches to the lens. Without a lens hood, thecamera lens is more vulnerable to accidental contact (e.g., bumpingagainst a surface), potentially resulting in damage to the camera lens.The lens hood also helps to shelter the camera lens from dust, rain, andother elements. Without a lens hood, for example, rain drops can moreeasily hit the camera lens. The lens hood of this case helps preventsuch damage.

The area of camera opening 41208 is greater than the area of cameraopening 4156. A lens hood surface between the two camera openings isconical or frustoconical. The greater the size of camera opening 41208is as compared to camera opening 4156 helps to increase the peripheralfield that can be captured by the camera and helps to ensure that thecamera does not capture the sides or edges of camera opening 41208 whentaking pictures. The area of camera opening 4424 is greater than thearea of camera opening 41208.

It is desirable to have the diameter of the upper case portion cameraopening larger than the camera openings of the lower case portions.Similarly, it is desirable to have the camera opening in the back of thelower case portion larger than the camera opening in the front of thelower case portion.

In a specific embodiment, camera openings 4156, 4424, and 41208 arecircular. However in other implementations, the camera openings can beany shape or closed polygon (e.g., not a semicircle or arc), such as atriangle, square, rectangle, trapezoid, or other. Generally, openings4156, 4424, and 41208 will have a similar shape and openings closer tothe camera lens will be smaller than those further away. Generally, across-sectional area of a closed-polygon opening 4156 will be less thana cross-sectional area of a closed-polygon opening 41208, which will beless than a cross-sectional area of a closed-polygon opening 4424.

For a circular camera opening, in a specific embodiment, the insidediameter of camera opening 4156 is approximately 6 millimeters, thediameter of camera opening 41208 is approximately 11-12 millimeters, andthe diameter of camera opening 4424 is approximately 12.2 millimeters.In other implementations, the diameters of the openings can have anydesired size or shape. For example, opening 4156 can range from about 2millimeters to about 12 millimeters. Opening 41208 can range from about4 millimeters to about 24 millimeters. Opening 4424 can range from about5 millimeters to about 25 millimeters. A ratio of opening 41208 toopening 4156 is from about 1.7:1 to about 2.25:1. Generally, theopenings are larger than the camera lens and sufficiently large so thatthe case does not appear in photographs.

FIG. 64 shows the front of a case with an electronic device in the case.As described above, the upper case portion slides over the lower caseportion. Where the upper and lower case portions meet, there are seamlines 42404 a and 42404 b in the front of the case (see also FIG. 43 ).The seam line (from 42404 a to 42404 b) runs around the entire case(e.g., across the back of the case). FIG. 44 shows the seam line for theback, and FIGS. 45 and 46 show the seam lines for the sides. At theseam, the surfaces of the lower and upper case portions are relativelyflush with each other. The seam line remains visible and can be felttactilely.

The seam line for the case is positioned to ensure the upper and lowercase portions are securely attached to each other. In a specificimplementation, seam lines 42404 a and 42404 b are positioned so thatthey align with a bottom edge of screen 4132 of the phone. As shown inFIG. 64 , with the phone in the case, the bottom edge of touch screen4132 is in-line with lines 42404 a and 42404 b. In otherimplementations, the seam lines can be at other positions. For example,the seam line can be aligned with an upper edge of screen 4132, oranywhere between the upper and lower edges of the screen.

The upper case portion securely engages (e.g., by overlapping) to thephone and lower case portion, so the upper case portion will notinadvertently slide off or otherwise detach. Also, in an implementation,when the user grips the phone in a portrait orientation, part of thehand (e.g., thumb and forefinger) is holding onto the upper caseportion, while the palm of the hand is pushing against the lower caseportion (urging the lower case portion toward the upper case portion).

Further, aligning seam lines 42404 a and 42404 b with the bottom edge ofthe touch screen provides for a symmetrical arrangement and appearanceof the visual elements of the phone and case. This enhances thesmartphone experience for the user, allowing the user to easily locatethe display both visually and tactilely (because the user can feel forthe seam).

In an implementation, for the front of the case (see FIG. 43 ), the seamline is at about 30 millimeters from a bottom edge of the case. A caselength is about 130 millimeters. This seam line divides the case atabout 0.23 of the whole. In other implementations, the seam line can beat other positions (e.g., ranging from about 15 millimeters to about 50millimeters) and have other ratios (e.g., ranging from 0.10 to 0.50 ofthe whole).

In an implementation, for the back of the case (see FIG. 44 ), the seamline is at about 35 millimeters from a bottom edge of the case. A caselength is about 130 millimeters. This seam line divides the case atabout 0.27 of the whole. In other implementations, the seam line can beat other positions (e.g., ranging from about 15 millimeters to about 50millimeters) and have other ratios (e.g., ranging from 0.10 to 0.50 ofthe whole).

In a specific implementation, seam lines 42404 a and 42404 b in thefront of the case are about X of a length of the joined case, and a seamline for the back of the case is about Y of a length of the joined case.X and Y are numbers and Y is greater than X.

The seam line for the front and back differs because the seam line isangled on the sides of the case (see FIGS. 45 and 46 ). In otherimplementations, the seam line can be angled even more on the sides sothat a difference between the ratios in the front and back is greater.The seam line can be angled less on the sides so that a differencebetween the ratios in the front and back is less or 0, or the ratio islarger in front and less in back.

Further, a distance 42416 between a bottom edge of front opening 4204and the seam line is about 16 millimeters. A length of front opening4204 is about 109.5 millimeters. Therefore, the seam line divides thefront opening at about 0.146 of the whole. In other implementations,distance 42416 can vary, depending on for example the screen size, in arange from about 8 millimeters to about 32 millimeters. The seam linewill divide the opening in a range, for example, from about 0.10 toabout 0.50 of the whole.

FIG. 65 shows a back view of the assembled case where a region of theback surface, indicated by box 42504, is relatively flat. The flatportion of the back surface ensures the electronic device and case willbe stable (e.g., not rock back and forth) when the case is placed on itsback on a table. See also FIGS. 45-48 which show various views of thecase's flat back surface. Even if the electronic device does not have aflat back, the flat portion of the case ensures the electronic devicewill be stable when placed on a table.

As shown in the figure, both the upper and lower case portions havesections which are flat. Where the upper and lower case portions meet, aseam line 42508 divides the upper and lower case portions. As shown, theflat case section of the lower case portion is smaller in terms of areathan the flat section of the upper case portion. The seam where theupper and lower case portions meet is flush, so the seam does not causethe case to be unstable.

The flat back surface ensures stability when the case is placed on itsback, regardless of how the back of the phone is shaped. This featurecreates a steady and stable surface and ensures that the electronicdevice will not slide or wobble as a result of being placed, forinstance, on a table. For example, an electronic device may be curved inall directions (e.g., no flat surfaces at all) or have a design wherethe back will not be stable when placed on a table. The design may havenotches, indentations, or other structures (possibly ornamental) thatcause the phone to not lie stably on its back. Despite this, when thephone is in the case, because of the flat back, the case will restsecurely on its back.

As shown in FIG. 65 , rectangular flat surface 42504 is centered in backof the assembled case. That is, the distance surrounding the flat backsurface is equal at opposite sides. In other implementations, however,the flat back surface may be located anywhere on the back of the caseportions. Further, the flat back surface may be of any size, any shape,any combination of sizes, or any combination of shapes. For example, theflat back surface may have a circular or oval shape. The flat region maybe rectangular with rounded corners.

The flat back surface is typically sufficiently sized to make the casestable when placed on its back. In an implementation, the size of theflat back surface can vary and the proportion of the area (42504) thatis flat to the area that is not flat (case back outside box 42504) canvary. In another implementation, the flat back surface area is largerthan the electronic device the case is holding. The flat back surfacearea can be larger than a flat back surface area provided by theelectronic device itself.

In a specific implementation, dimensions for flat surface section 42504are about 100 millimeters by about 40 millimeters. Dimensions for thecase are about 130 millimeters by about 66.2 millimeters. The area ratiobetween the flat surface section 42504 and the total case dimensions isabout 0.465 (i.e., 4000 square millimeters/8606 square millimeters).However, in other implementations, the ratio can be in the range fromabout 0.333 to about 0.6.

For the centered square section, a distance between a bottom edge of thelower case portion and a bottom edge of the flat back surface is about13 millimeters. Likewise, a distance between a top edge of the uppercase portion and a top edge of the flat back surface is about 13millimeters. Further, a distance between a left edge of the assembledcase and a left edge of the flat back surface is about 15 millimeters.Likewise, a distance between a right edge of the assembled case and aright edge of the flat back surface is about 15 millimeters.

FIG. 66 shows a functional block diagram of a case for holding aportable electronic device 42601 having a battery 42604. As discussedabove, the case has an upper case portion 42608 and a lower case portion42612. The electronic device is inserted into the lower case portion andis connected to inner connector 4168, and the upper case portion slidesover the electronic device and a portion of the lower case portion.

The lower case portion includes a circuitry 42616 which is connected toinner connector 4168, a case battery 42317, a battery status indicator42620, a synchronization indicator 42624, a user input element 42628, anouter connector 42632, and audio-video (AV) openings 42636. A cable42640 having connectors 42644 and 42648 may be used to connect the caseto a computer 42652, a power source 42656, or both.

As a specific example, this application discusses the portableelectronic device as being a smartphone. However, as already discussedabove, it should be understood that this is merely for discussion, andthat the portable electronic device can be any device type and may be adevice other than a telephony device.

In addition to making and receiving telephone calls, many modernsmartphones and other portable electronic devices include a multitude ofother features. These features include data storage, music playing,picture taking, video recording, and games. Further, these devicesinclude vivid color displays, cameras, speakers, speakerphone,nonvolatile storage, touchscreens, and others. Such features use power.And the more such features are used, the shorter the battery life.

Many users depend on their smartphones to coordinate their schedules,check and read e-mail, send e-mail, browse Web pages, talk to theirloved ones and family (e.g., calling mom on Mother's Day), talk tobusiness associates, record video, upload a video onto a socialnetworking Web site, map their locations, navigate using GPS and voiceguidance of the phone, edit documents, and much more. Therefore, it isimportant that a smartphone has sufficient power capacity to lastthrough the day until the smartphone can be recharged.

While smartphone capabilities have increased dramatically in recentyears, batteries have not kept pace. Furthermore, since smartphones areused for so many different things, it can be catastrophic if thesmartphone runs out of power. Compounding the problem is that many oftoday's smartphones have integrated or proprietary batteries that cannotbe easily replaced. Moreover, even if the batteries are designed to bereplaced by the user, it is cumbersome to carry around extra batteries.

The case, with its built-in battery (i.e., battery 42317), alleviatesthis problem by providing additional power to the phone. Variousimplementations of the case double, triple, or quadruple the batterylife of the phone or the amount of time that the user can use the phone.

The case has numerous modes of operation. FIGS. 67 and 68 show tableslisting the various modes. For the case to provide extended batterylife, the user charges the case battery. To do so, the user connects apower source via a cable (e.g., USB cable) to the case's outer connector(e.g., mini-B USB connector). Upon connecting the cable, the case willbe in a power-up mode (described in FIG. 67 ) during which at least oneof the indicator lights (e.g., LEDs) of the case lights momentarily. Toenter this mode, the phone does not need to be in the case; but if thephone is in the case, the user will be able to use the phone normally.This may be referred to as a normal operating mode for the phone.

When entering the power-up mode, the indicator lights turn on in orderto indicate to the user that the case has been powered up. Power-up maybe indicated to the user using any visual (or audible) indication. In aspecific implementation, for example, one of the LEDs turns on for ashort time and then turns off. In another implementation, each of theLEDs may turn on and off in sequence. In another implementation, atleast one LED turns on and stays on while the case is connected to acharging source. In this implementation, the number of lights turned onis proportional to the battery life and the number of lights increasesas the battery life increases.

FIG. 69 shows a specific arrangement of indicator lights 42904 a-e(e.g., LEDs, laser diodes, light bulbs, neon bulbs, or other lighting)for the case, where a case button 2908 is centered below the indicatorlights. In this specific arrangement, a line extending between indicatorlight 42904 a and 42904 b does not pass through case button 42908. In aspecific implementation, the indicator lights are positionedhorizontally on the back of the lower case portion and a line segmentextends from indicator lights 42904 a-e. The case button is positionedtransverse to the line segment and equidistance to ends of the linesegment.

The indicator lights and case button have a circular shape. In animplementation, the indicator light cover and case button are flush withthe case surface. Generally, the case button is located near theindictor lights. However, in other implementations, the case button canhave any shape (e.g., square, rectangle, triangle, and oval) and may belocated anywhere on the case. There can be any number of case buttons(e.g., one, two, three, or four or more).

Further, although the indicator lights are positioned horizontally onthe back of the lower case portion (see FIGS. 44 and 52 ), in otherimplementations the indicator lights can be in a different location orbe arranged differently (e.g., off-center or vertically arranged). Also,there may be any number of lights (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or morethan 8) and the openings for the indicator lights may have any shape(e.g., circle, square, rectangle, or triangle).

In a specific implementation of the power-up mode, as shown in FIG. 70 ,the right-most indicator light (42904 e) turns on momentarily and thenturns off (e.g., flashes or blinks) to indicate that the case isconnected to a power source.

The power source may be a power socket, power receptacle, or poweroutlet in the user's home or office. As another example, the cable maybe connected to a cigarette lighter socket in the user's car or boat.This allows, for example, the user to charge the case battery whiledriving. The cable can be connected to a computer's USB port or anyother power source.

From the power-up mode, the case can enter the charge case battery mode.FIG. 67 describes the charge case battery mode. Power from the cableconnected to the case outer connector will charge the case battery.Circuitry (described below) in the case will control charging of thebattery until it is fully charged.

While in the charge case battery mode, the user can press the casebutton and determine the battery life remaining in the case battery byreading the fuel gauge. Upon pressing the case button, the case will bein a fuel gauge mode as described in FIG. 67 . If the case battery ischarged, an appropriate number of indicator lights will light toindicate a charge level of the case battery. To enter this mode, thephone does not need to be in the case; but if the phone is in the case,the phone will be in normal operating mode.

While in fuel gauge mode, the case battery life may be indicated to theuser using any visual (or audible) indication. In a specificimplementation, the indicator lights turn on from left to right and eachindicator light that turns on indicates an additional level of chargefor the case battery. In this specific implementation, the number ofLEDs lighting up is proportional to the case battery life. In anotherspecific implementation, the indicator lights turn on from right to leftand each indicator light that turns on indicates an additional level ofcharge for the case battery.

In a specific implementation, the lighting indicators emit a blue orbluish light (e.g., blue LED). However, in other implementations, thelighting indicators can emit any color or wavelength of light asdesired. For example, the color can be red, green, yellow, white, orpurple, or any combination of these. Also, two different indicatorlights of the same case can emit two different colors. The color of thelight may be a result of the LED color itself or a cover over the LEDlight (e.g., white LED light is covered by a bluish lighting cover).

FIG. 69 shows a specific implementation where no indicator lights turnon, indicating the case battery is discharged or has a very low level ofcharge. FIG. 61 shows the leftmost indicator light (42904 a) turning on,indicating that the case has a minimal charge. More indicator lightsturn on in FIG. 61 than in FIG. 69 , indicating that the case battery inFIG. 71 has a higher level of charge than the case battery in FIG. 69 .

FIG. 72 shows three indicator lights (42904 a-c) turning on to indicatean approximately half-charged battery. A greater number of lights turnon in FIG. 72 than in FIGS. 69 and 71 , indicating that the case batteryin FIG. 72 has a higher level of charge than the case battery in FIGS.69 and 71 . FIG. 73 shows a specific implementation of five indicatorlights (42904 a-e) turning on to indicate a fully charged battery. Agreater number of indicator lights turn on in FIG. 73 than in FIG. 72 ,indicating that the case battery in FIG. 73 has a higher level of charge(e.g., more juice) than the case battery in FIG. 72 .

While charging the case battery in the charge case battery mode, thephone does not need to be in the case. If the phone is in the case, thecase will also be in the charge phone battery mode listed in FIG. 67 .When the phone battery becomes discharged, the case battery will, viainner connector 4168, charge and top off the phone's battery as needed.The case will continue to charge the phone battery as needed until thecase battery becomes completely discharged.

If the outer connector is not connected to power, the case can be in thecharge phone battery mode as long as there is charge in the casebattery, but the case will no longer be in the charge case battery mode.

When the user connects a power source via a cable (e.g., USB cable) tothe case's outer connector, the case will be placed in charge phonebattery mode. The case will continue to charge and top off the phonebattery as needed. Also see discussion regarding sleep mode below.

The phone may indicate to the user that the phone is charging. In aspecific implementation, the phone's screen displays an icon (e.g.,lightning bolt) to indicate that the phone is charging. When the phonebecomes fully charged, the phone's screen informs the user (e.g., iconchanges from a lightning bolt to a plug symbol).

As discussed, the case also has a battery gauge such as shown in FIG. 69. While in the charge phone battery mode, the user can press the casebutton and determine the case battery life remaining by reading the fuelgauge. Upon pressing the case button, the case will simultaneously be inthe fuel gauge mode. The fuel gauge mode is described in FIG. 67 andabove.

If the case is not connected to a power source and the case battery isat a charge level below a certain threshold (i.e., a sleep mode level ofcharge), the case will enter a sleep mode. For example, when the casebattery is completely discharged, the case will be in sleep mode.

The sleep mode is described in FIG. 67 . While in the sleep mode, thecase becomes inactive (e.g., the case button and case indicator lightsare not functional) and the user will be unable to get a batteryreading. The sleep mode will not affect the phone. The phone will be innormal operating mode as long as the phone has sufficient charge. Thecase will not draw any power from the phone.

In an implementation of the sleep mode, the user connects power to theouter connector of the case in order to charge the case battery. Thecase battery will be charged for some amount of time before charging ofthe phone battery begins. For example, this amount of time may be aboutfive minutes, but the exact amount of time (e.g., two, three, six, ormore minutes) will depend on a number of factors including the chargingcurrent and the level of charge remaining in the battery. The amount oftime will vary depending on how long it will take for the case batteryto be charged to a level above the sleep mode level of charge.

When the case battery has been charged above the sleep mode level ofcharge, the case exits sleep mode and enters power-up mode. The casebattery will be used to charge the phone battery, as needed. The casebutton and case indicator lights will work. When the user presses thecase button, the user will get a battery reading from the fuel gauge.

Note that if the phone battery is completely discharged, similar to thesituation with the sleep mode discussed in this implementation, thephone battery may need to be charged to some level before becomingactive and operate normally. For example, this amount of time may beabout five minutes, but will vary depending on the charging current andlevel of charge of the phone battery.

In another implementation of the sleep mode, when the user connects apower source via a cable (e.g., USB cable) to the case's outerconnector, the case will immediately charge the phone battery and thecase battery. Both the phone and case batteries will be charged inparallel. The power from the USB cable is used to charge the phonebattery even if the case battery does not have a minimum level ofcharge.

In an implementation, the case has an extended sleep mode, which is notthe same as the sleep mode described above. The extended sleep mode isdescribed in FIG. 68 . The case enters the extended sleep mode when nophone is connected to the case and power is not connected to the outsideconnector of the case. When in the extended sleep mode, circuitry of thecase will use less power so the case will retain its battery power forrelatively longer periods of time. For example, for the extended sleepmode, some inactive circuits or portions of the circuit will be turnedoff so they do not draw power.

The extended sleep mode extends the case battery life. In a specificimplementation, the case will retain charge seven weeks or more (whenstarting with a fully charged case battery). However, in variousimplementations, the battery life during extended sleep mode can varyand may be one week, ten days, two weeks, three weeks, six weeks, lessthan one week, or more than seven weeks.

When the case is in the extended sleep mode, the user can exit theextended sleep mode by any one of three ways. An implementation of acase of the invention can have any one of or a combination of thefollowing three ways to exit the extended sleep mode.

1. Connecting a phone to the case. Then, the case will return to thecharge phone battery mode.

2. Pressing the case button. Then the case will go to the fuel gaugemode, and the case will display the status of the case battery. After aperiod of time after the button press, the case can reenter the extendedsleep mode.

3. Connecting the case via the cable to a power source. Then the casewill go to the charge case battery mode.

To charge the phone battery, the user will insert the phone into thecase. When the phone is initially inserted into the case and the casebattery and phone battery are charged, the case enters initial phoneconnect mode (described in FIG. 68 ) during which the circuitry in thecase authenticates with the phone.

In a specific embodiment, the case circuitry includes an authenticationchip which allows the case to communicate with the phone. If the casedoes not have this authentication chip, the case is not authenticated.

In another specific embodiment, the case circuitry implements ahandshaking protocol by sending a self-identification signal to thephone. If the phone recognizes the signal, the phone can accept thesignal and authenticate the case. If the phone does not recognize thesignal, the case is not authenticated.

In another embodiment, the authentication process uses certificates,which get exchanged with the electronic device and opens upcommunication channels once these certificates have been exchanged andauthenticated.

Upon putting the phone in the case, if the case authenticates with thephone, the phone will display its normal screen and no warning messagesregarding the case will appear on the phone screen.

In a specific implementation, if the phone does not authenticate thecase, it cannot be presented as a valid accessory and the phone screendisplays a warning message. This warning message may be referred to as a“nag message,” informing the user that the case is not a valid accessoryor has not been approved by the manufacturer of the phone. In a specificimplementation, the warning message is “This accessory is not designedfor this phone. This accessory might cause interference, do you wish toenable airplane mode?” and will appear on the phone's screen.

In some embodiments, regardless of the authentication results, after thewarning message is displayed, the phone will enter a normal operatingmode and the user can continue using the phone normally. The casebattery will provide extended battery life for the phone.

While the phone is in the case (e.g., in the charge phone battery mode),the user can synchronize the phone with a second electronic device. Todo so, the user pushes and holds the case button for about threeseconds. The case will enter a synchronization or sync mode described inFIG. 68 . The period of time for which the user holds the case buttonfor to enter the sync mode can be set to any value, such as in a rangefrom two to fifteen seconds; the longer the time period, the less likelythe user can accidentally enter the sync mode.

In a specific implementation, the second electronic device is acomputer. While in the sync mode, the case is ready for the phone tosynchronize with the computer. If the case is connected to a computervia the cable (e.g., USB cable), the user can synchronize data betweenthe phone and the computer, send data from the phone to the computer,send data from the computer to the phone, or any combination of these.Synchronization includes synchronizing calendar information, contactinformation (e.g., names, addresses, phone numbers), music files, videofiles, and e-mail between the phone and the computer.

While the case is in the sync mode, the phone is also in a sync modewhen the phone is ready to transfer or receive data from the computer.In a specific embodiment, the user can determine the status of the phoneby looking at its screen. In a specific implementation, to indicate thephone is in the sync mode, the phone's screen may display a sync statussymbol or a not charging symbol, or both.

In another implementation, the second electronic device may be anelectronic device (e.g., mobile phone, PDA, smartphone, pager, audioplayer, media player, portable media player, game console, server),software (e.g., iTunes or Windows Media Player), or a service (e.g.,iTunes Store, Urge, or Rhapsody).

The case does not need to be connected to a computer to enter the syncmode. If the user connects the case via the cable to a computer withinabout 30 seconds, then the user will be able to synchronize the phonewith the computer. If the user does not connect the cable to a computerwithin 30 seconds, however, the case will automatically exit the syncmode (e.g., returning to the charge phone battery mode). An automatictime out of 30 seconds for the synchronization mode is provided as anexample, and the time out value can vary from about 3 seconds to about 3minutes. For example, the time out value can be 15, 40, 50, 60, 180, or360 seconds.

In a specific implementation, upon entering the sync mode, the caseexits other modes. For example, if the case is in the charge casebattery mode, the case will exit this mode upon entering the sync modeand the case battery will stop charging. Similarly, if the case is inthe charge phone battery mode, the case will exit this mode uponentering the sync mode and the case will stop charging the phonebattery.

The sync mode may be indicated to the user using any visual (or audible)indication. A synchronization indicator indicates to the user that thephone is ready to be synchronized with the computer. The synchronizationindicator may also indicate when the phone is not ready to besynchronized, whether or not the synchronization is complete, whether ornot there was an error in synchronization, and so forth.

Synchronization can be indicated via the indicator lights. For example,a lighting of an LED will indicate to the user that the case is in thesync mode. In a specific embodiment, for example, one of the LEDs blinkscontinuously. In other embodiments, a different number of LEDs blinkcontinuously or a number of LEDs blink twice and turn off. In a specificembodiment of the sync mode, as shown in FIG. 70 , LED 42904 e willblink continuously to indicate to the user that the phone is ready tosynchronize with another device.

The case may be unable to enter the sync mode under certaincircumstances. For example, when the case is in the sleep mode, the casebutton and indicator lights do not work. The phone cannot synchronizewith another electronic device because the case requires a minimalamount of power for its electronic board to support the synchingmechanism. So, if the user pushes and holds the case button for threeseconds, this will have no effect on the case and the case will notenter the sync mode.

When the case is in the sync mode, the user can exit the sync mode(described in FIG. 68 ) by any one of three ways. An implementation of acase of the invention can have any one of or a combination of thefollowing three ways to exit the sync mode.

1. Not connecting the case via the cable to the computer within thirtyseconds (or other time out value). After thirty seconds elapses, thecase will return to the charge phone battery mode.

2. Disconnecting the cable from the case or the computer. Since the caseis no longer connected to the computer, the phone can no longersynchronize with the computer. The case will return to the charge phonebattery mode.

3. Pressing the case button. Then the case will go to the fuel gaugemode, and the case will display the status of the case battery. Then,the case will return to the charge phone battery mode.

In a specific implementation, for example, the user can only exit thesync mode using the first two options and not the third option. So, oncethe case is in the sync mode, the user cannot exit the sync mode bypressing the case button. This prevents the user from inadvertentlyexiting the sync mode by intentionally or unintentionally pressing thecase button.

When the case exits the sync mode, the indicator lights will turn off(or turn on) to indicate that the case is no longer in the sync mode.For example, when indicator light 42904 e blinks continuously toindicate the sync mode, this indicator light turns off to indicate thecase is no longer in the sync mode.

When the case exits the sync mode, the phone will also exit the syncmode and no longer transfer data to and from the computer. Upon exitingthe sync mode, the phone will enter the normal operating mode and theuser can use the phone normally (e.g., make a phone call to ClaudiaSchiffer, send a text message to Beyonce, play a Nena song, playcomputer baseball with Tim Lincecum, or call Jenny at 867-5309).

Referring back to FIG. 66 , the case battery is typically a rechargeabletype. In a specific embodiment, the case battery is a rechargeablelithium-ion polymer battery. This battery can be charged, used, andrecharged many times (e.g., about 500 times). Other rechargeable batterytypes may be used. For example, some other rechargeable type batteriesinclude nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion,lithium polymer, lead acid, and other rechargeable battery chemistries.

In an implementation, the case battery is integrated with the case andthe battery is not replaceable by the user. One benefit of this designis that it allows for a smaller and more compact case as compared to acase with a replaceable battery because there is no additional interface(e.g., battery cover) that interferes with the profile of the case.

In another implementation, the battery is replaceable by the user. Forexample, the battery may be a rechargeable type such that after thebattery has been drained and recharged after a threshold number ofcycles, the battery is replaceable by the user. As another example, thebattery may be a disposable battery (e.g., N, AA, AAA, or C cellbattery) such that after the battery is drained, the user removes thedrained battery from the case, and installs a new battery.

The user input element (e.g., case button) allows a user to communicatewith the case. In a specific embodiment, the user input element is abutton that the user can push. Pushing the button displays the batterystatus indicator, the synchronization indicator, or both. In a specificembodiment, at least one LED functions as a battery status indicator andas a synchronization indicator. In this specific embodiment, pushing thebutton for a first threshold time period lights a first LED in a firstmode. In the first mode, the LED is solid and indicates a batterystatus. Pushing the button for a second threshold time period (e.g., 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 seconds), greater than the first threshold timeperiod, lights the first LED in a second mode, different from the firstmode. In the second mode, the LED is blinking and indicates asynchronization status.

The modes associated with a pattern may vary. For example, to indicate abattery status, an LED may blink twice or all the LEDs may flash oneafter the other from left to right. Also, a blinking LED in a firstpattern may indicate that the phone is ready to be synchronized. Ablinking LED in a second pattern, different from the first pattern, mayindicate that synchronization is complete.

Further, the blinks may be in any pattern. Some examples of patternsinclude a long blink, followed by a short blink; two long blinksfollowed by three short blinks; one short blink, followed by two longblinks. In a specific implementation, all the LEDs blink twice toindicate there is a problem with recharging the battery.

It should be appreciated that there may be any number of user inputelements or buttons. It should also be appreciated that the user inputelements may not necessarily be a button. For example, the user inputelement may be a microphone to accept a voice command from the user. Asanother example, the user input element may be a touch screen or asliding switch that the user slides back and forth.

The audio-video (A/V) openings include one or more holes or openings inthe lower case portion, the upper case portion, or both. These openingsdirect audio information, video information, or both from the phone tothe user. These openings also allow the phone to receive audioinformation, video information, or both.

The cable may be any type of cable having any number of wires that canelectronically connect the case to the computer or power source. In aspecific embodiment, the cable is a USB cable (e.g., USB 2.0 cable)where connector 42644 is a USB mini-A plug (or male connector) andconnector 42648 is a USB type-B plug (or male connector). The cableallows battery 42317, battery 42604, or both to be charged by thecomputer, power source, or both. The cable also allows the portableelectronic device and the computer (or other device) to be synchronized.

In another embodiment, connector 42648 is plugged into an automotivecigarette lighter plug (e.g., 12 volt automotive lighter plug, 6 voltautomotive lighter plug), a type A flat blade electrical plug, or a typeB flat blade with round grounding pin plug. However, different parts ofthe world use different types of electrical plugs. For example, a type Cplug is common in Europe. The U.S. Department of Commerce, InternationalTrade Administration publication Electric Current Abroad, 1998 edition,reprinted 2002, which is incorporated by reference, describes differenttypes of electrical plugs used in different parts of the world, whichare suitable for use as connector 42648 of the present invention.

The length of the cable ranges from about 0.3 meters to about 5 meters.The cable may also be less than 0.3 meters or more than 4.9 meters. Thevariations in cable length reflect the many different preferences thatusers may have. For example, some users may desire a longer cable sothat they can place the case further away from the second electronicdevice. Other users may desire a shorter cable to lessen the likelihoodthat the cable will become tangled.

The cable, however, is optional and is not included in someimplementations of the invention. In this specific embodiment, the outerconnector includes wireless capabilities. For example, the outerconnector may be a wireless transceiver, a wireless receiver, or awireless transmitter. This allows the case and computer or power sourceto communicate wirelessly. Such wireless communication may beaccomplished using any wireless technology (e.g., infrared, Wi-Fi,Bluetooth, radio frequency, microwave, 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b,802.11g, 802.11-2007, and 802.11n, or wireless USB). Such wirelessfeatures may also allow batteries 42317, 42604, or both to be wirelesslycharged (e.g., resonance charging).

FIG. 74 shows a circuit block diagram for the case. This diagram showsmore details of circuitry 42616 and components of lower case portion42612. The circuit blocks in this figure implement the functionality andmodes of the case described above.

The case has a connector 43404 for connecting to a portable electronicdevice 43408 which the case is designed for. In a specificimplementation, the portable electronic device is a smartphone having a30-pin connector. So, the case has a corresponding 30-pin innerconnector that fits into the phone's connector. For example, the caseincludes a male inner connector that fits into the phone's femaleconnector. In other implementations, however, the case's inner connectorcan have any number or combination of pins and shapes in order tointerface with the portable electronic device that the case is designedfor.

Through connector 43404, the case circuitry interfaces with the phone,such as for charging the phone's battery and synchronizing. To chargethe phone battery, power from a lithium battery 43412 is passed througha DC-to-DC converter block 43416 and connector 43404 to the phone. Tosynchronize data, input-output (I/O) via a mini-USB connector 43420 ispassed through wires 43424 (i.e., differential D+ and D− signals)through USB resistors 43428, converter 43416, connector 43404 to thephone.

An implementation of the case uses a mini-USB connector (e.g., USBmini-B). However other connectors may be used such as USB type A, typeB, mini-A, micro-AB, or micro-B. Also, other types of connectors such asFireWire (i.e., an IEEE 1394 interface, i.LINK, or Lynx), eSATA, or aproprietary connector may be used instead or in addition.

Through an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter circuit 43432, analog datacan be converted to digital data for the phone. Digital data from thephone can be converted into analog form for further processing, or viceversa. For example, A/D converter circuit 43432 is connected to battery43412 and is used to collect analog measurement information (e.g.,voltage level) about the battery. This information is converted todigital form by the A/D converter and used in the fuel gauge algorithms(see discussion on fuel gauge mode above) to determine and indicate thecharge level of the battery.

In a specific implementation, when an electronic device is connected tothe case, the electronic device looks for an authentication orhandshaking signal (e.g., sending of an authentication code). If thedevice does not receive the proper authentication, the device maydisplay a message (e.g., nag message) that the case is not an authorizedperipheral for the device or the device can simply not allow the casecircuitry to interface with the phone (e.g., not allow charging orsynchronization).

An authentication circuit 43440 can be included in the circuitry toprovide proper authentication to the electronic device. Thisauthentication circuit can connect to the other circuitry of the casethrough a microcontroller (uC) 43444 interface. In a specificimplementation, microcontroller 43444 is the ATMega32 from Atmel.

When the authentication circuit is present, the user, for example, willnot see a nag message on the phone. In an implementation, when theauthentication circuit is not present, the user will see a nag message,but afterwards, the case will still function (e.g., provide thefunctionality described in the tables in FIGS. 67 and 68 ) with thedevice.

The case has lithium-ion polymer battery 43412 to provide extra chargeand capacity for the phone. See above discussion for more detail on thefunctionality. In an implementation, case battery 43412 has a nominalcapacity of 1390 milliamp-hours. The capacity can range from about 1330milliamp-hours to about 1490 milliamp-hours. In comparison, theelectronic device's battery capacity is approximately 1150milliamp-hours. So, with the addition of case battery 43412, thedevice's battery life will approximately double.

In a specific implementation, the case battery has a length of about 74millimeters, a width of about 41 millimeters, and a thickness of about4.2 millimeters (after swelling). A weight of the battery is about 28grams. A discharging operating temperature for the battery is about −20degrees Celsius to about 60 degrees Celsius. The battery can berecharged using a standard charging current (665 milliamps at 4.2 volts)in about 2.5 hours or a rapid charging current (1330 milliamps at 4.2volts) in about 1.5 hours. The battery provides an output voltage ofabout 3.7 volts.

The case includes circuitry for charging case battery 43412. Power issupplied through USB connector 43420 to a battery charging circuit43448, which is connected to the battery. The battery charging circuitsupplies the voltages and currents to the battery for charging, and candetect when the battery is fully charged (at which point circuit 43448stops charging the battery). The charging circuit can also include aDC-to-DC converter to convert the voltage received at the USB connector(e.g., 5 volts) to the voltage used to charge the battery (e.g., 4.2volts). Battery charging circuit 43448 may be implemented using anintegrated circuit manufactured, for example, by Linear TechnologyCorporation, Maxim Integrated Products, Incorporated, or NationalSemiconductor Corporation.

A battery control circuit 43452 is connected to battery charging circuit43448 to control its operation. For example, the battery control circuitcan direct the charging circuit to charge the battery or stop chargingthe battery, such as when the user wants to enter the synchronizationmode.

Via DC-to-DC converter 43416, case battery 43412 is used to charge thebattery of the electronic device. Converter 43416 is used to convert theoutput voltage of the battery (e.g., 3.7 volts) to the voltage levelused by the phone (e.g., 3.3 volts or 5 volts). In a specificimplementation, the phone uses 5 volts and converter 43416 converts theoutput voltage of the battery to 5 volts.

A fuel gauge circuit 43456 is connected to case battery 43412, whichwill determine a charge level of the battery. The determined chargelevel is passed to a control system circuit 43460, which appropriatelylights LED indicators 43464 to show the user the charge level. In animplementation, the control system uses a 3.3 volt level, and there is a3.3 volt power converter circuit 43468 that takes power (e.g., 5 volts)from the USB and converts it to the desired level.

Control system circuit 43460 controls the case's overall operationalmodes as described above. For example, the control system controls thebattery charging, battery level, authentication, and synchronizationoperations. The control system can be implemented using amicrocontroller and firmware. The firmware may be encrypted. Themicrocontroller will decrypt the firmware before utilizing it.

Some examples of microcontrollers include processors from IntelCorporation, International Business Machines Corporation, MIPSTechnology Incorporated, ARM Limited, and Atmel Corporation. Forexample, Atmel manufactures the AVR® 8-bit microcontroller products,which is described in data sheets and other product literature publishedby Atmel, which is incorporated by reference along with all otherreferences cited in this application. Such a controller can be used tocontrol operation of the case.

The figure shows a functional block diagram that can be implementedusing any number of integrated circuits and any number of circuitboards. For example, battery charging circuit 3448 can be one integratedcircuit. Authentication circuit 43440 can be another integrated circuit.The fuel gauge, battery control, A/D, control system, and UC can beimplemented using a single integrated circuit. The integrated circuit orchips can be placed on one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs)connected by wiring. The architecture may depend on many factors, suchas the cost, availability, and time to market.

FIG. 75 shows a layout view of the components for the lower caseportion, as viewed from a back of the lower case portion. There arethree PCBs, PCB1 43504, PCB2 43508, and PCB3 43512. PCB1 43504 is themain PCB, which contains the controller, firmware, authentication chip,battery charging circuit, and LEDs. PCB2 43508 contains the caseconnector (e.g., 30 pin connector). PCB3 43512 contains the USBconnector. PCB1 43504 connects to PCB2 43508 through a cable 43514. PCB143504 connects to PCB3 43512 through a cable 43514.

In a specific implementation, cables 43514 are flexible printed circuit(FlexPC) cables. In another implementation, cables 43514 are notflexible printed circuit cables, but other connections or cabling suchas ribbon cables or wires.

A first section 43516 of the lower case portion holds the PCBs, while asecond section 3520 holds a case battery 43524. The case battery isconnected to PCB1 43504. In an implementation, the battery has plus(e.g., red) and minus (e.g., black) wires that are connected to theappropriate points of PCB1 43504. Below the battery, on the other sideof the lower case portion, is the portable electronic device 4101(indicated with broken lines). Note that the portable electronic deviceextends below PCB1 43504.

Beneath PCB1 43504 is a shield 43524. FIG. 76 shows a cross section offirst section 3516. As shown, the shield is between PCB1 43504 and theportable electronic device. In particular, the shield is between thecase circuitry and the base front surface. This copper shield serves toprotect the portable electronic device from any electrical or radiointerference (RF) generated by PCB1 43504, and vice versa. When there isless interference or noise interfering with the portable electronicdevice's operation, the portable electronic device will have betteroperating characteristics. For example, a phone will have betterreception and transmission (e.g., less drop outs and voice conversationswill be clearer).

In a specific implementation, shield 43524 is made of copper, but inother implementations, this shield can be made of any conductivematerials such as aluminum, platinum, gold, or silver.

In a specific implementation, a length 43528 and width 43532 of thefirst section is about 35 and 63 millimeters. An area of the firstsection is about 2205 square millimeters. A length 43536 and width 43540of the second section is about 87 and 54 millimeters. An area of thesecond section is about 4698 square millimeters. A ratio of the firstsection to the second section is about 0.469 (i.e., 2205 squaremillimeters/4698 square millimeters). In other implementations, however,the ratio can be in the range from about 0.333 to about 0.6. Generally,the greater the ratio, the battery will be larger and can provide longerbattery life.

As shown in FIG. 76 , PCB1 43504 is placed in a first orientation (e.g.,horizontal), while PCB2 43508 is positioned in a second orientation,which is transverse (e.g., vertical) to PCB1 43504. PCB3 43512 is alsopositioned in the first orientation.

PCB2 43508 has the internal case connector 4168 (e.g., 30-pinconnector), which is connected to the portable electronic device. PCB343512 has the USB or an outer connector 42632.

Portable electronic device 4101 is connected to inner connector 4168,which is connected to the PCB2. The case also has outer connector 42632to allow connections to a power source or computer. The outer connectoris connected to the PCB3. Both the PCB2 and PCB3 are connected to themain PCB1 through cables 43514. The main PCB1 also includes LEDs 43604.

The PCBs and shield are attached to base lower back 43704 of the lowercase portion. The lower case portion also includes a base front back43708 which covers the PCBs and shields. The base lower back and basefront back form a space which encases the PCBs, shield, and othercomponents of the case. The base lower back and base front back can bemade of plastic.

FIG. 77 shows a top view of a sound box formed by base lower back 43704and base front back 43708. In addition to housing the circuitry, thebase lower back and base front back provides a sound box, which enhancesthe sound and audio characteristics of the portable electronic device.

In particular, base lower back 43704 has audio openings (for a speakeror microphone, or both) 4172 a and 4172 b. The openings can be for twochannels for stereo sound. See FIG. 41B which show the speaker openingsfor a specific implementation.

A base front back 43708 has audio openings or grille 4808. See FIG. 48for a specific implementation. A distance 43712 between the audioopenings in the base lower back and base front back is about 12millimeters. Between the openings in the base lower back and base frontback is the enclosure space that enhances the sound. This space may bereferred to as a sound box space 43716. For example, this space helpsdeepen the bass (e.g., better low frequency response) of the audio andgenerally enhances the sound.

Distance 43712 can be any value, such as 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, orgreater than 20 millimeters. The greater distance 43712 is, the betterthe low frequency response generally will be because the enclosure islarger.

Generally, it is desirable to locate the openings such that they arealigned, parallel to, or coaxial with a direction that the sound istraveling. This helps to improve the transmission quality and clarity ofthe sound.

In a specific implementation, openings 4172 a and 4172 b and grille 4808are located near the case circuitry. This location helps heat releasedfrom the circuit escape from the case.

These audio openings may be of any size, any shape, any combination ofsizes, or any combination of shapes. Some examples of shapes includecircles, squares, rectangles, crescents, and ovals. An opening may bebounded on all sides by the case. Or, an opening may be partiallybounded by the case. There may be any number of openings and theseopenings may be located anywhere on the case.

FIG. 78 shows a side view of the sound box formed by a base front back43804 and a base lower back 43808. FIG. 78 shows sound box 43716 andmain PCB1 43504 enclosed between base front back 43804 and base lowerback 43808. A case battery 43810 is between base front back 43804 and abase upper back 43812.

Base lower back 43808 and base upper back 43812 meet at a seam line43816 and are not flush with each other. The base lower back risesslightly above the base upper back so that when the upper case portionand lower case portions meet, the exterior surfaces of the upper caseportion and the base lower back become flush with each other.

In a specific implementation, the case material is hard or rigid plasticor a nonelastomeric material such as a polycarbonate (e.g., Bayer PC2405or Makrolon® by Bayer Material Science LLC). The case material can be aplastic such as a high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene,thermoplastic, amorphous thermoplastic, or other resin or polymer.

Some examples of thermoplastics includes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS), acrylic, celluloid, cellulose acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), fluoroplastics, ionomers, Kydex®,liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyacetal (POM or acetal), polyacrylates(acrylic), polyacrylonitrile (PAN or acrylonitrile), polyamide (PA ornylon), polyamide-imide (PAI), polyaryletherketone (PAEK or ketone),polybutadiene (PBD), polybutylene (PB), polybutylene terephthalate(PBT), polycaprolactone (PCL), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE),polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycyclohexylene dimethyleneterephthalate (PCT), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polyketone (PK),polyester, polyethylene (PE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK),polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethersulfone(PES), polysulfone, polyethylenechlorinates (PEC), polyimide (PI),polylactic acid (PLA), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyphenylene oxide(PPO), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphthalamide (PPA), polypropylene(PP), polystyrene (PS), polysulfone (PSU), polytrimethyleneterephthalate (PTT), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl acetate (PVA),polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), andstyrene-acrylonitrile (SAN).

A soft-touch or rubberized coating may be applied to the case surface tohelp improve a user's grip on the case. The soft-touch coating can makethe case surface tacky or slightly tacky. In an implementation, bothupper and lower case portions are made from the same material. However,in other implementations, the upper and lower case portions may be madeof different types of materials (e.g., different types of plastics). Inother implementations, the case material may be (or include), ratherthan a hard or rigid plastic, a compliant or rubber-like material suchas a gel, elastomeric, silicone, or rubber.

When a hard plastic is used, some portions of the case can be polishedto have a high gloss finish (e.g., similar to a glossy black piano),while other portions will have the soft-touch coating (which is a mattefinish). In other implementations, all surfaces can have a high glossfinish. Or, all surfaces can be coated with the soft-touch coating.

In an implementation, base front surface 4164 (FIG. 50 ), upper interiorsurface 4916 (FIG. 49 ), inserts 41004 a and 41004 b (FIG. 50 ), have ahigh gloss finish. Surfaces 41104 (FIG. 51 ), 41212 (FIG. 52 ), 41208(FIG. 52 ), 43812 (FIG. 50 ), 4408 (FIG. 44 ), 4412 a-e (FIG. 44 ), 4420(FIG. 52 ), 43816 (FIG. 48 ), 43818 (FIG. 47 ), 43827 (FIG. 45 ), and43831 (FIG. 46 ) have the soft-touch coating.

The high gloss finish can be obtained or achieved by polishing, sanding,rubbing, or buffing the surface with a relatively fine grit material(e.g., sandpaper, polishing cloth, or paste). One can polish the plasticwith successively finer grit materials until the desired finish isobtained. Polishing can be performed using a buffing machine, such as arotary buffing machine or other buffing machine.

The soft-touch coating can be applied by, for example, spraying,brushing, or painting an appropriate coating on the desired surfaces. Ina specific implementation, the coating has a thickness of about 0.1millimeters. But the thickness of the coating can vary, for example, dueto manufacturing variations. In other implementations, for example, thethickness can be from about 0.05 millimeters to about 0.3 millimeters.In further implementations, the coating can be less than 0.05millimeters or greater than 0.3 millimeters. Generally, the surfaceswhere the soft-touch coating will be applied do not need to be polishedbefore the coating is applied. However, it may be desirable to buffslightly before applying the coating to ensure the surface is smooth(but not necessarily a high gloss finish) before applying the coating.

As shown in FIG. 50 , base front surface 4164 may include strips 4160 aand 4160 b, which are parallel to each other and vertical (when viewingthe case in a portrait orientation). As discussed above, these stripshelp protect the finish of the back of the portable electronic device.

In other implementations, the case can be a material other than plastic.Some examples of case materials include metal (e.g., stainless steel ortitanium), glass, transparent or translucent plastic, sapphire, diamond,leather, vinyl, quartz, granite, and many others.

Some specific flows and techniques are described for making a case ofthe invention in this application, but it should be understood that theinvention is not limited to the specific flows and steps presented. Aflow of the invention may have additional steps (not necessarilydescribed in this application), different steps which replace some ofthe steps presented, fewer steps or a subset of the steps presented, orsteps in a different order than presented, or any combination of these.Further, the steps in other implementations of the invention may not beexactly the same as the steps presented and may be modified or alteredas appropriate for a particular application or based on the data.

In an implementation, the back of the lower case portion has aflush-mounted case button and flush lighting indicators. FIGS. 79-82show steps in a process for making a flush lighting indicator on asurface of the case (e.g., 4412 a-e of FIG. 44 ). In an implementation,the process includes:

1. Providing a starting material having a uniform thickness. As shown inFIG. 79 , the case material is a plastic 43904 having a certainthickness. This plastic is about 95 percent or greater opaque, whichmeans visible light (e.g., LED light) will not shine through it easily.The plastic can be less than 95 percent opaque. For example, thematerial may be transparent or translucent.

The plastic has two sides, a first side 43908 and a second side 43912.The first side is the side which the user will see and can touch. Thesecond side is the underside, which faces the circuitry and is generallyhidden from the user. Between the first side and second side is athickness 43916. In a specific implementation, thickness 43916 is about1.4 millimeters. Thickness 43916 can vary. In other implementations, forexample, thickness 43916 is from about 0.95 millimeters to about 2millimeters. In further implementations, the thickness is less than 0.95millimeters or greater than 2 millimeters.

2. Forming a cavity in the material. As shown in FIG. 80 , a cavity44004 (e.g., trench or lacuna) is formed in the starting material.Cavity 44004 is a partial opening and does not go through the entirethickness of material 43904. The cavity may be formed using any processfor creating an opening including molding, melting, drilling, andetching. For example, cavity 44004 is created by drilling into theplastic from the second side to the first side but not through the firstside.

A thickness from a bottom 44006 of the cavity to the first side is athickness 44008. In a specific implementation, thickness 44008 is about0.4 millimeters. However, thickness 44008 can vary depending, forexample, on manufacturing variations. For example, the thickness canvary from about 0.2 millimeters to about 0.7 millimeters.

A ratio of thickness 44008 to thickness 43916 is about 0.286 (i.e., 0.4millimeters/1.4 millimeters). If thickness 44008 remains at 0.4millimeters, the ratio can vary depending on the thickness 43916. Asthickness 43916 increases, the ratio will decrease. In otherimplementations, a ratio of thickness 44008 to thickness 43916 is about0.05, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.28, 0.32, 0.33, 0.38, or 0.42, orany other ratio.

Thickness 44008 will be sufficiently thin so the plastic will be muchless than 95 percent opaque, so light can very easily pass through athin portion 44008, but not through the thick portion 43916. The lightwill be visible from the first side through thickness 44008. Forexample, for thickness 44008, the opacity can be in a range from about 5percent to about 30 percent.

The degree of opaqueness can be varied by varying a thickness 44008. Athinner 44008 will generally allow greater light transmission, while athicker 44008 will block light transmission. Thus, depending on thematerial, and by selecting an appropriate thickness 44008, thebrightness of the indicator lights can be adjusted as desired.

In an implementation, the cavity is circular to create a circularindicator light, such as shown in FIG. 83 . But in otherimplementations, the cavity can be other shapes. For example, the cavityshape can be a triangle, trapezoid, square, rectangle, oval, pentagon,hexagon, octagon, or other.

3. Coating one side of the material. As shown in FIG. 81 , the firstside of the plastic, which is the side opposite the opening, is applied(e.g., painted, sprayed, or brushed on) with a coating 44104. Thecoating sprayed has a thickness 44108, less than thickness 43916. In aspecific implementation, the coating is sprayed over the first side ofthe plastic including the surface above the opening. Before and afterapplying the coating, the exterior surface (43908 and 44104) of the caseis smooth.

In a specific implementation, the coating is clear and allows visiblelight from the second side to pass through and be visible from the firstside. Coating 44104 is the same soft-touch coating that is applied tothe exterior of the rest of the case. This soft-touch coating allowsvisible light from the second side to pass through and be visible fromthe first side. In another specific implementation, coating thickness44108 and the coating of the case both have the same thickness. In thisspecific implementation, coating 44108 and the coating of the case havea thickness of about 0.1 millimeters. As discussed above, this thicknessmay vary.

4. Positioning the cavity over a lighting source. As shown in FIG. 82 ,the opening is positioned above a lighting source 44204 such as an LED.The opening can be above the lighting source (e.g., offset or to theside) as long as light from the light source can pass through theopening and be visible from the first side. In a specificimplementation, the opening is directly above the lighting source. Inanother specific implementation, the lighting source is positionedfacing toward the cavity such that when the lighting source emitsvisible light, it passes through thickness 44008 and 44108, but notthickness 43916, to the first side.

When the LED lights up, the light from the second side is visiblethrough the opening and coating (44212) from the first side. But lightis not visible through other portions (44215) where the case material isthicker. The LED may be on a printed circuit board PCB 44219.

FIG. 83 shows a top view of the lighting indicator from the first sideof the plastic. The lighting indicator is shown using broken lines toindicate it is hidden when it is not lighted. Specifically, when LED44204 lights up, a user can see light through the opening and coating.The shape of the cavity will be the shape of the light. With the flushlighting cover of the invention, when the LED is not lighted up, theuser may not even realize that the lighting indicator is there. When notlighted, the surface of the case over the opening (44212) appears thesame as the thicker portions (44215).

Therefore, the lighting indicator does not project out from the surface,resulting in a smooth back surface and a smooth tactile feel (e.g.,completely flush). In other implementations, the lighting indicators maybulge above or be recessed in the surface of the case.

FIG. 84 shows a kit including a portable electronic device case with abattery (as described above). The kit includes a portable electronicdevice battery case 44402, a cable 44406 (e.g., USB cable), a usermanual 44408, a tray 44416, and a box 44418. The portable electronicdevice battery case can be a case as described in this application. Thetray holds the case, cable, and user manual. The tray with componentsslides into the box. The user manual describes the features of the caseand how to use them. The cable is for charging the case and also forsynchronizing. The cable can be a USB or a universal serial bus cablehaving a first end with a USB Type A plug connector and a second endhaving USB Mini-B plug connector.

The tray is designed with compartments to hold the case, cable, and usermanual neatly. FIG. 84 shows a top view of the tray and multilevelcompartments, while FIG. 85 shows a cross-sectional view. The shape anddepth of each compartment is customized for the component which it willhold (i.e., case or cable). In other implementations, the trays are notmultileveled, but on a single level or on the same level, so that eachitem is accessible without removing another item first. The tray can bemade of a foam material (e.g., black foam) or nonfoam material.

The tray has a first level compartment 44420 to hold the cable. Abovethe first level compartment is a second level compartment 44424 to holdthe case. The second level compartment is larger in area than the firstlevel compartment. Generally, a bigger or larger area compartment isneeded to store the case than the cable. The user manual can be placedbetween the case and cable compartments. Or the user manual may beplaced over both the case and cable such as shown in FIG. 85 .

On a side of the tray (e.g., top or bottom) is a loop 44428. Whenassembling the kit, the tray is inserted into the box so that loop 44428is immediately visible and accessible to the user when the user opensthe box. After the user opens the box top, the user will see loop 44428and can easily grab the loop to pull the tray out of the box.

In other implementations, however, there may be any number of cavitieswith different arrangements. In another specific implementation, thetray has a separate cavity (e.g., on a single level) for the usermanual, case, and cable. The cavity levels allow the kit to have a thinand organized packaging.

The kit was described as having the box, user manual, cable, and tray.In other implementations, however, components of the kit can include anycombinations of these components and can contain more components. Forexample, a kit can contain two USB cables, a tray, and a box.

This description of the invention has been presented for the purposes ofillustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise form described, and manymodifications and variations are possible in light of the teachingabove. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to bestexplain the principles of the invention and its practical applications.This description will enable others skilled in the art to best utilizeand practice the invention in various embodiments and with variousmodifications as are suited to a particular use. The scope of theinvention is defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: providing a base layer of acase for a portable electronic device, wherein the base layer has aninterior side, an exterior side, and a base layer thickness between theinterior and exterior sides, and wherein the base layer is oriented in aportrait orientation in a first direction and a landscape, orientationin a second direction; providing sidewalk transverse to the base layer,wherein the sidewalk extend from the base layer, and wherein thesidewalls and interior side form a compartment configured to reversiblyreceive a portable electronic device; providing an opening in the baselayer, wherein the opening extends from the interior side to theexterior side of the base layer, and wherein the opening has an openinglength and opening width, wherein the opening width is longer than theopening length; and coupling a ring to the opening, wherein the ringcomprises a dark color, wherein the ring comprises a ring inner lengthand a ring inner width, and wherein the ring inner width is longer thanthe ring inner length, the ring inner width increases in a directionfrom the interior side to the exterior side of the base layer, and thering inner length increases in a direction from the interior side to theexterior side of the base layer.
 2. A protective case for reversiblyreceiving and retaining a portable electronic device, the casecomprising: a base layer that has an interior side, an exterior side,and a base layer thickness between the interior and exterior sides,wherein the base layer is oriented in a portrait orientation in a firstdirection and a landscape orientation in a second direction; sidewalktransverse to the base layer, wherein the sidewalk extend fro the baselayer, and wherein the sidewalk and interior side form a compartmentconfigured to reversibly receive a portable electronic device; anopening in the base hoer, wherein the opening extends from the interiorside to the exterior side of the base layer, and wherein the opening hasan opening length and opening width, wherein the opening width is longerthan the opening length; and a ring coupled to the opening in the baselayer, wherein the ring is a dark color, wherein the ring comprises aring inner length and a ring inner width, and wherein the ring innerwidth is greater than the ring inner length, the ring inner widthincreases in a direction from the interior side to the exterior side ofthe base layer, and the ring inner length increases in a direction fromthe interior side to the exterior side of the base layer.
 3. The case ofclaim 2 wherein the ring inner width is less than the opening width, andthe ring inner length is less than the opening length.
 4. The case ofclaim 2 wherein the ring has a ring outer width that is greater than thering inner width, and the ring has a ring outer length that is greaterthan the ring inner length.
 5. The case of claim 2 wherein an edging ofthe ring is rounded.
 6. The case of claim 2 Wherein the ring comprises aring outer length and a ring outer width, and wherein the ring outerlength is about constant in a direction from the interior side to theexterior side of the base layer and the ring outer width is aboutconstant in a direction from the interior side to the exterior side ofthe base layer.
 7. The case of claim 2 wherein the ring comprises a ringouter length and a ring outer width, and wherein at least a portion ofthe ring outer width is greater than a minimum width of the openingwidth and at least a portion of a ring outer length is greater than aminimum length of the opening length.
 8. The case of claim 2 wherein theexterior side of the base layer is a black color and the ring is a blackcolor.
 9. The case of claim 2 wherein the ring is a first color, theexterior side of the base layer is a second color, and the first coloris darker than the second color.
 10. The case of claim 2 wherein thering is a first color, the exterior side of the base layer is a secondcolor, and the first color is different from the second color.